 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
Sains Malaysiana 47(11)(2018): 2617–2624 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4711-04
Induction of Polyploid Tillered
Onion using Colchicine and Pendimethalin (Aruhan Poliploid Bawang Bercelaga menggunakan
Kolkisin dan Pendimethalin) JIAN REN1,2,
XIAOXU
WU1,2,
CE
SONG1,2,
YU
LIANG1,2,
WENZHENG
GAO1,2
& YONG WANG1,2* 1College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural
University, Harbin 150030, China 2Key
Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural
Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry
of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030,
China Diserahkan:
20 Februari 2018 /Diterima: 29 Jun 2018 ABSTRACT The shoot tip explants of the
tillered onion line Z-018 were used as experimental materials.
The effects of colchicine and pendimethalin on the induction of
polyploid tillered onion were studied in vitro with different concentrations and treatment time. Treatment
with 250 μmol/L colchicine for 4 days caused a variant rate
of 42.22% and a mortality rate of 36.67%, whereas treatment with
30 μmol/L pendimethalin for 6 days caused a variant rate
of 41.11% and a mortality rate of 24.44%. Subsequent cytological
identification showed that tetraploid plants were successfully
induced by both mutagens. Compared with the diploid plants, the
tetraploid plants exhibited slower growth, thicker leaves, stems
and roots, larger stomatal apparatus and increased number of chloroplasts.
In addition, the obtained tetraploid plants have thicker tubular
leaves, decreased number of tillers, larger bulbs and increased
yield of the products. This provides the basis for future research
on tillered onion germplasm resources. Keywords: Colchicine; germplasm
resources; pendimethalin; polyploid induction; tillered onion ABSTRAK Eksplan hujung pucuk bawang
bercelaga titisan Z-018 telah digunakan sebagai bahan uji kaji.
Kesan daripada kolkisin dan pendimetalin ke atas aruhan poliploid
bawang bercelaga telah dikaji secara in vitro dengan kepekatan dan masa rawatan yang berbeza. Rawatan
dengan 250 μmol/L kolkisin selama 4 hari menyebabkan kadar
varian 42.22% dan kadar kematian 36.67%, manakala rawatan dengan
30 μmol/L pendimetalin selama 6 hari menyebabkan kadar varian
41.11% dan kadar kematian sebanyak 24.44%. Pengenalan sitologi
selanjutnya menunjukkan bahawa tumbuhan tetraploid telah berjaya
diaruh oleh kedua-dua mutagen. Berbanding dengan tumbuhan diploid,
tumbuhan tetraploid menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih perlahan,
daun, batang dan akar yang lebih tebal, peralatan stomatal yang
lebih besar dan peningkatan bilangan kloroplas. Selain itu, tumbuhan
tetraploid yang diperoleh mempunyai tiub daun lebih tebal, bilangan
celaga yang berkurangan, bebawang yang lebih besar dan peningkatan
hasil keluaran. Kajian ini menyediakan sumber asas untuk penyelidikan
germplasma bawang bercelaga pada masa hadapan. Kata kunci: Aruhan poliploid; bawang bercelaga; kolkisin; pendimethalin;
sumber germplasma RUJUKAN Beaulieu, J.M.,
Leitch, I.J., Patel, S., Pendharkar, A. & Knight, C.A. 2008.
Genome size is a strong predictor of cell size and stomatal density
in angiosperms. New Phytologist 179(4): 975-986. Burge, G.K., Morgan,
E.R. & Seelye, J.F. 2002. Opportunities for synthetic plant
chimeral breeding: Past and future. Plant Cell Tissue &
Organ Culture 70(1): 13-21. Callaway, D.J.
& Callaway, M.B. 2000. Breeding Ornamental Plants.
Portland: Timber Press. Comai, L. 2005.
The advantages and disadvantages of being polyploid. Nature
Reviews Genetics 6(11): 836-846. Endang, S. &
Yosuke, T. 2003. Determination of ploidy levels of shallot and
Japanese bunching onion by flow cytometry. Ilmu Pertanian 10(1):
9-15. Huang, Q., Zhang,
Z. & Kang, X. 2002. 2n pollen of P. tomentosa * P.
bolleana induced by four antimicrotubule agents. Journal
of Beijing Forestry University 24(1): 12-15. Jin, X., Zhou,
X., Liu, S., Liu, S. & Wu, F. 2013. ISSR markers of 48 tillering
onion (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) germplasms genetic
diversity and analysis of their agronomic traits. China Vegetables
1(1x): 27-34. Kermani, M.J.,
Sarasan, V., Roberts, A.V., Yokoya, K., Wentworth, J. & Sieber,
V.K. 2003. Oryzalin-induced chromosome doubling in Rosa and
its effect on plant morphology and pollen viability. Theoretical
and Applied Genetics 107(7): 1195-1200. Kunitake, H., Nakashima,
T., Mori, K. & Tanaka, M. 1998. Somaclonal and chromosomal
effects of genotype, ploidy and culture duration in Asparagus
officinalis L. Euphytica 102(3): 309-316. Leitch, I.J. &
Bennett, M.D. 1997. Polyploidy in angiosperms. Trends in Plant
Science 2: 470-476. Liu, W., Ning,
S., Cui, C., Xu, Q. & Ma, Y. 2011. Effect of gibberellin treatment
on growth and development of tillered-onion. Journal of Northeast
Agricultural University (7): 83-86. Liu, X., Wang,
D., Yang, W. & Zhang, J. 2010. Polyploidy induction of aigeiros-luece
hybrids of Populus by colchicine. Journal of Anhui Agricultural
Sciences 38(20): 10532-10534. Morejohn, L.C.,
Bureau, T.E., Molč-Bajer, J., Bajer, A.S. & Fosket, D.E. 1987.
Oryzalin, a dinitroaniline herbicide, binds to plant tubulin and
inhibits microtubule polymerization in vitro. Planta
172(2): 252-264. Nigel, A.R.U.,
Jennie, H. & Therese, M. 2007. Generation and characterization
of colchicine-induced autotetraploid Lavandula angustifolia.
Euphytica 156: 257-266. Xu, L., Yang, F.,
Wu, X., Ding, R., Lu, Y. & Hou, B. 2016. Effect of intercropping
with onion or garlic on yield and quality of Chinese cabbage.
Northern Horticulture (14): 6-10. Zhai, Y., Ma, R.,
Cheng, Y. & Wu, H. 2013. Research progress on genetic diversity
of germplasm resources of Allium cepa L. Journal of
Agriculture 3(6): 61-63. Zhang, D. 2013.
Vegetable history tillering onion. China Vegetables 10:
26-26. Zhang, W. &
Dai, Z. 2007. The experiment of onion root tip mitosis specimen
preparation and observation. Genetics Experiment Guidance.
Beijing: Higher Education Press. Zhang, X., Hong-Zhi,
W.U., Zhou, D. & Zheng, S. 2008. Effects of the new herbicide-oryzalin’s
concentration and time duration on inducing polyploidy of coloured
Zantedeschia aethiopica. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural
University 23(6): 806-810. Zhao, J., Song,
S., Han, Y., Zhao, C., Zhang, X. & Zhang, Y. 2015. Comparative
analysis of nutritional quality between Allium cepa L.
var. agrogatum Don. and Allium cepa L. Journal
of Northwest A & F University 43: 107-110. Zhou, X., Cheng,
Z. & Meng, H. 2009. Effects of pendimethalin on garlic chromosome
doubling in vitro. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia
Sinica 29(12): 2571-2575. *Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yongwang@neau.edu.cn
|
|||
|
