Sains Malaysiana 47(12)(2018): 3069–3075

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-17

 

Antioxidant Activity of Pitcher Extracts from Three Nepenthes Species

(Aktiviti Antioksidan Ekstrak Kendi bagi Tiga Spesis Nepenthes)

 

MUHAMMAD AQIL FITRI ROSLI, KAMALRUL AZLAN AZIZAN & HOE-HAN GOH*

 

Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 14 September 2018 /Diterima: 19 September 2018

 

ABSTRACT

Nepenthes, locally known as 'periuk kera' in Malaysia, is a fascinating species due to uniqueness in their morphology in having pitcher organ for carnivorous diet. The pitcher plant has been used for cooking traditional delicacies and as traditional remedies to treat illness. Hence, this species might possess beneficial health properties. This study aimed to compare the antioxidant activity of the pitcher extracts from Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana and their hybrid, Nepenthes × hookeriana. The samples were extracted using methanol:chloroform:water (3:1:1) via sonication assisted extraction and the extracts were subjected to three different antioxidant assays, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power (FRAP) and total phenolic content (TPC). Extract from N. ampullaria exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity (0.148 ± 0.04 mg/mL) with the highest ferric reducing power (0.009 ± 0.003 mg GA/mg dry weight) among the three species, whereas that of N. rafflesiana possessed the highest phenolic content (0.057 ± 0.017 mg GA/mg dry weight). However, the antioxidant capacities of the pitcher extracts were not significantly different (p>0.05) between the three species and were much lower than the gallic acid as a standard reference.

 

Keywords: Antioxidants activity; DPPH assay; ferric reducing power assay; Nepenthes sp.; total phenolic content

 

ABSTRAK

Nepenthes, lebih dikenali sebagai 'periuk kera' di Malaysia merupakan suatu spesies yang menakjubkan kerana keunikan morfologinya dalam mempunyai organ seperti kendi untuk diet karnivor. Tumbuhan berkendi ini telah digunakan dalam masakan tradisi dan juga sebagai ubat-ubatan tradisi untuk merawat penyakit. Oleh itu, spesies ini mungkin memiliki kandungan yang bermanfaat untuk kesihatan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak kendi daripada Nepenthes ampullaria, Nepenthes rafflesiana dan hibrid mereka, Nepenthes × hookeriana. Setiap sampel telah diekstrak dengan menggunakan metanol:kloroform:air (3:1:1) melalui pengekstrakan dengan bantuan sonikasi dan telah diasai dengan tiga asai antioksidan yang berbeza, iaitu 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), kuasa penurunan ferik (FRAP) dan jumlah kandungan fenolik (TPC). Ekstrak daripada N. ampullaria menunjukkan aktiviti pelupusan radikal yang terkuat (0.148 ± 0.04 mg/mL) dan mempunyai kuasa penurunan ferik yang tertinggi (0.009 ± 0.003 mg GA/mg berat kering) antara ketiga-tiga spesies ini, namun begitu N. rafflesiana mempunyai kandungan fenolik yang tertinggi (0.057 ± 0.017 mg GA/mg berat kering). Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan signifikan terhadap kebolehan antioksidan ekstrak kendi daripada tiga spesies yang dikaji dan ternyata jauh lebih rendah daripada asid galik yang merupakan piawai rujukan dalam kajian ini.

 

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; asai DPPH; asai jumlah kandungan fenolik; asai kuasa penurunan ferik; Nepenthes sp.

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: gohhh@ukm.edu.my