Sains Malaysiana 47(3)(2018): 581–587

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4703-19

 

Sol-gel Synthesis and Optical Properties of Malayaite Ceramic Colour Pigments

(Sintesis Sol-gel dan Sifat Optik Pigmen Warna Seramik Malayait)

 

N. YONGVANICH*, N. WANGWANICH & N. PHOMWANA

 

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Silpakorn University, Thailand

 

Received: 30 August 2016/Accepted: 13 October 2017

 

ABSTRACT

Ceramic colour pigments based on the malayaite structure was synthesized by sol-gel with an aim to obtain homogeneous powder systems. The formulation was Ca(Sn1-xCrx)SiO₅ where x = 0, 0.02 and 0.05. Thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy suggested suitable calcination temperatures to be > 1000°C. Formation of malayaite phase was found to be very difficult; high calcination temperatures up to 1400°C was required which was typical for this particular phase. Nevertheless, small amounts of impurities were still present and were found to be both wollastonite (CaSiO₃) and cassiterite (SnO₂). The oxidation state of chromium was found to be mainly 4+. The obtained pigment particles were in the range of 1-5 micron with a high degree of agglomeration due to sintering. UV-vis spectra demonstrated broad absorbance peak in the 550-600 nm range which could be attributed to both Cr(III) and Cr(IV). The colour parameters in the CIELab system showed a red tone (more positive a* values whereas b* remained relatively constant) when chromium was doped into the malayaite host. Preliminary interaction testing with a low-fire glaze displayed an even improvement in the a* parameter (getting more red tone). Microscopic studies showed a certain degree of chromium diffusion out of the pigment powders toward the glaze matrix. These results have demonstrated a great potential for this refractory colour pigments to be possibly utilized in other kinds of glazes as well.

 

Keywords: Ceramics; colour; malayaite; pigment; sol-gel

 

ABSTRAK

Pigmen warna seramik berdasarkan struktur malayait disintesis oleh sol-gel dengan matlamat untuk mendapatkan sistem serbuk homogen. Rumusannya ialah Ca(Sn1-xCrx) SiO₅ dengan x = 0, 0.02 dan 0.05. Analisis termogravimetri dan spektroskopi inframerah dicadangkan sesuai untuk pengkalsinan bagi suhu >1000°C. Pembentukan fasa malayait didapati sangat sukar; suhu kalsinasi yang tinggi sehingga 1400°C diperlukan secara tipikal pada fasa ini. Walau bagaimanapun, sejumlah kecil kekotoran masih ada dan didapati pada kedua-dua wolastonit (CaSiO₃) dan kasiterit (SnO₂). Keadaan pengoksidaan kromium didapati 4+ terutamanya. Zarah pigmen yang diperoleh berada dalam lingkungan 1-5 mikron dengan aglomerasi yang tinggi kerana sinteran. Spektrum sinar UV menunjukkan puncak penyerapan luas dalam lingkungan 550-600 nm yang boleh dikaitkan dengan kedua-dua Cr(III) dan Cr(IV). Parameter warna dalam sistem CIELab menunjukkan nada merah (lebih nilai positif a* sedangkan b* kekal agak berterusan) apabila kromium terdop ke dalam perumah malayait. Ujian interaksi awal dengan api kecil memaparkan peningkatan yang lebih baik dalam parameter a* (mendapatkan lebih banyak nada merah). Kajian mikroskopik mendedahkan penyerapan darjah tertentu kromium daripada serbuk pigmen ke arah matriks glas. Keputusan ini telah menunjukkan potensi yang besar untuk pigmen warna refraktori ini yang mungkin digunakan dalam jenis glas lain juga.

 

Kata kunci: Malayait; pigmen; sol-gel; seramik; warna

 

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*Corresponding author; email: niti.yongvanich@gmail.com