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http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-16
Assessment of Heavy
Metal Attenuation and Mobility in Compacted Soil Columns
(Penilaian Pembantutan
dan Kemobilan Logam Berat dalam Turus Tanah Terpadat)
WAN ZUHAIRI, W.Y.*
& NURITA, R.
Center for Earth
Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 18
April 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019
ABSTRACT
Groundwater pollution
from unlined landfill is a worrying problem nowadays. In order to reduce the
pollution, a good soil liner is very important. Natural compacted soil is used
to prevent leachate from reaching the groundwater. The soil column study was
performed to investigate the retention capability of three soil types in
Malaysia, namely marine clay (SBMC), weathered metasediments
(HMS)
and river alluvium soil (ARA). All soil columns were tested
against four types of heavy metals, i.e. lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni)
and zinc (Zn). The breakthrough curves show that the SBMC has
better retention capability on heavy metals compared to other soils; indicating
less migration of heavy metals through SBMC soil column. The affinity
of heavy metals for adsorption were also varied with soil types and can be
ranked as follow: SBMC (Pb>Cu>Ni ≈ Zn) and HMS/ARA: Zn ≈ Cu>Pb>N.
Soil SBMC showed very high resistance to acidic test solution
(i.e. high buffering capacity), where the pH values throughout the test were in
an alkaline region with the values of pH 8 to 7. The study also discovered that
heavy metals entered the soil columns were retained predominantly at the top 30
mm. Engineering applications of these findings show that soil SBMC has
a very good potential to function as soil liner material compared to two other
soils (ARA and HMS).
Keywords: Breakthrough
curves; column experiment; heavy metals; retention profile; soil liner
ABSTRAK
Pencemaran air bawah
tanah dari tapak pelupusan sisa tidak berlapik adalah suatu masalah yang
membimbangkan pada masa kini. Untuk mengurangkan pencemaran, pelapik tanah yang
baik sangat penting. Tanah semula jadi yang dipadatkan digunakan untuk mencegah
cecair larut resapan daripada mencemari air bawah tanah. Kajian turus tanah
dilakukan untuk mengkaji keupayaan penahanan tiga jenis tanah di Malaysia,
iaitu lempung marin (SBMC), tanah metasedimen (HMS)
dan tanah aluvium sungai (ARA). Kesemua tanah diuji terhadap
empat jenis logam berat, iaitu plumbum (Pb), kuprum (Cu), nikel (Ni) dan zink
(Zn). Graf lengkung penembusan menunjukkan bahawa tanah SBMC mempunyai
keupayaan penahanan logam berat yang lebih baik berbanding dengan tanah lain.
Ini menunjukkan logam berat kurang mengalami migrasi melalui ruang tanah SBMC.
Pemilihan logam berat untuk penjerapan juga berbeza-beza dengan jenis tanah dan
boleh disenaraikan seperti berikut: SBMC (Pb>Cu>Ni ≈ Zn) dan HMS/ARA: Zn ≈ Cu>Pb>Ni.
Tanah SBMC menunjukkan rintangan yang sangat tinggi terhadap
larutan berasid (iaitu kapasiti penampan tinggi), dengan nilai pH sepanjang
ujian berada dalam keadaan alkali antara pH 8 hingga 7. Kajian ini juga
mendapati bahawa logam berat yang memasuki liang tanah mengalami penahanan
terutamanya pada bahagian 30 mm teratas. Aplikasi kejuruteraan penemuan ini
menunjukkan bahawa tanah SBMC mempunyai potensi yang sangat
baik untuk berfungsi sebagai bahan pelapik tanah dibandingkan dengan dua tanah
lain (ARA dan HMS).
Kata kunci: Lengkung
penembusan; logam berat; pelapik tanah; profil penahanan; ujian turus
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: yaacobzw@ukm.edu.my
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