Sains Malaysiana 48(11)(2019): 2595–2604

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-29

Rock Slope Stability Analysis based on Terrestrial LiDAR on Karst Hills in Kinta Valley Geopark, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia

(Analisis Kestabilan Cerun Batuan berdasarkan LiDAR Daratan di Bukit Batu Kapur Geotaman Lembah Kinta, Perak, Semenanjung Malaysia)

MUHAMMAD AFIQ ARIFF HELLMY¹, ROS FATIHAH MUHAMMAD¹*, MUSTAFFA KAMAL SHUIB¹, NG THAM FATT¹, WAN HASIAH ABDULLAH¹, AISHAH ABU BAKAR² & RALPH KUGLER¹

¹Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 20 April 2019/Diterima: 15 Ogos 2019

ABSTRACT

The use of modern mapping technology is necessary in assessing slopes and cliffs, especially in tropical countries as it is mostly inaccessible and covered with thick vegetation which restricts the conventional data collection to only at the base of the cliff. Overhanging and sub-vertical characteristics of tropical karst hills in Kinta Valley together with highly fractured and day-lighting joints increase the possibility of rock slope failure. The problem statement of this research is how Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) can assist the traditional survey in slope characterization. The main objective of this research was to assess the stability of the limestone hills in Kinta Valley based on the output provided by terrestrial LiDAR and scanline survey method. TLS helps engineers and geologists to collect a high number of discontinuity data where it is inaccessible for manual compass data measurement. A total number of about 13 cliffs on 4 limestone hills were assessed. Gunung Lang and Kek Lok Tong show major potential failure trending towards east, Gunung Lanno towards southwest, Kwan Yin Tong towards west, and Gunung Cheroh with three directions of failure which are pointed towards the south, southwest and southeast direction. The overall results showed that the orientation of the major joint sets and the direction of the failure greatly influence the karst hills morphology in the Kinta Valley. The integration of LiDAR method with the manual compass clinometer has become a better approach to assess the stability of limestone hills and other rock slope in the possible future.

Keywords: Limestone hills; slope stability; terrestrial laser scanning

ABSTRAK

Penggunaan teknologi pemetaan moden ialah satu keperluan dalam menilai cerun dan tebing terutamanya di negara tropika kerana kebanyakan kawasannya tidak boleh diakses dan diliputi oleh tumbuhan yang tebal yang mengehadkan pengumpulan data secara konvensional yakni pada bahagian bawah cerun sahaja. Ciri gunung batu kapur tropika yang curam dan sub-menegak di Lembah Kinta bersama dengan retakan teruk dan satah yang mengarah keluar dari cerun meningkatkan kecenderungan kegagalan cerun batuan. Pernyataan masalah kajian ini adalah bagaimana LiDAR daratan boleh membantu tinjauan tradisi dalam pencirian cerun. Objektif utama penyelidikan ini adalah untuk menilai kestabilan gunung batu kapur di Lembah Kinta berdasarkan output yang disediakan oleh LiDAR daratan dan kaedah tinjauan garis imbasan. Imbasan laser terestrial laser (TLS) membantu jurutera dan ahli geologi mengumpul data ketakselanjaran dalam bilangan yang tinggi di kawasan yang tidak dapat diakses untuk pengukuran data secara manual oleh kompas klinometer. Sebanyak tiga belas cerun daripada empat gunung batu kapur telah dinilai. Gunung Lang dan Kek Lok Tong menunjukkan tren jatuhan ke arah timur, Gunung Lanno ke arah barat daya, Kwan Yin Tong ke arah barat dan Gunung Cheroh ke arah selatan, barat daya dan tenggara. Keputusan keseluruhan menunjukkan orientasi utama kekar dan arah jatuhan batuan mempengaruhi morfologi gunung karst di Lembah Kinta. Integrasi LiDAR dan kompas klinometer secara manual merupakan pendekatan yang baik untuk menilai kestabilan gunung batu kapur dan cerun batuan lain pada masa hadapan.

Kata kunci: Bukit batu kapur; imbasan laser terestrial; kestabilan cerun

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: rosfmuhammad@um.edu.my