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http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4807-01
Corak Taburan Ruang-Masa Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
di Ekosistem Sawit, Endau Rompin, Pahang
(Spatio-Temporal
Pattern of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
in Endau Rompin Oil Palm Ecosystem, Pahang)
WAN ZAKHIR WAN NAZRI1, DZULHELMI MUHAMMAD NASIR2, NUR-ATHIRAH ABDULLAH1, FARAH NADIAH ROSLI1, BAKHTIAR EFFENDI YAHYA3 & FASZLY RAHIM4*
1Pusat Sistematik Serangga, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Unit Entomologi dan Mikrobiologi Gunaan, Bahagian Penyelidikan Biologi, Lembaga Minyak Sawit Malaysia, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Institut Biologi Tropika dan Pemuliharaan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
4Kolej PERMATA Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 13 September 2018/Diterima: 26 April 2019
ABSTRAK
Kajian ini dijalankan
bagi mengetahui
corak taburan ruang-masa
semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
dan memahami
ekologi ruang semut
di ekosistem sawit
di Endau Rompin, Pahang. Persampelan
dijalankan selama
empat bulan berturut-turut
di tiga jenis
tanah iaitu tanah
liat (A1 & A2), tanah
gambut dalam (B1 & B2) dan tanah gambut
cetek (C1 & C2). Kaedah
perangkap lubang
digunakan bagi mensampel semut yang mencari makanan di atas tanah. Sejumlah
3,968 individu semut
berjaya diperoleh, mewakili 13 genus dalam empat subfamili. Anoplolepis mencatatkan
bilangan individu
paling melimpah iaitu sebanyak 1,692 individu (45.75%)
diikuti dengan Pheidole (862 individu; 23.31%)
dan Paratrechina
(228 individu; 6.17%). Dalam
tanah liat,
Anoplolepis merupakan
genus yang paling melimpah manakala
bagi tanah
gambut dalam dan
cetek, Pheidole
adalah genus yang paling melimpah
berbanding genus yang lain. Ujian
Khi kuasa-dua
(dua hala) mengenal
pasti perbezaan
yang signifikan (p < 0.05) bagi
komposisi lapan
genus iaitu Anoplolepis, Oecophylla, Paratrechina, Odontomachus, Ponera, Crematogaster, Pheidole, dan Tetramorium
dalam kombinasi tanah, bulan dan
genus. Bagi corak
taburan ruang-masa pula, Formicinae secara keseluruhannya menunjukkan corak taburan ruang
yang berkelompok (Ia
> 1; p < 0.05) manakala
bagi Ponerinae,
Myrmicinae dan Aenictinae, corak taburan ruang-masa
adalah berbentuk
rawak (Ia ≤ 1; p >
0.05). Corak taburan
ruang-masa setempat bagi subfamili semut adalah sangat
dinamik dengan
perubahan corak kelompok dan luang
yang berbeza pada
bulan yang berlainan. Gambaran awal corak
taburan ruang-masa
setempat bagi semut
di ekosistem sawit
yang diperoleh dalam kajian ini menunjukkan
hubung kait
ekologi dan lakuan
beberapa genus walau
pun secara kolektifnya dicerap pada peringkat
subfamili. Kajian
lanjut bagi melihat
asosiasi ruang-masa
antara subfamili dirasakan perlu bagi memperjelaskan lagi ekologi lakuan
dan interaksi
dalam kalangan komuniti berfungsi semut.
Kata kunci: Corak ruang-masa; ekosistem sawit; Formicidae; pencari makan atas tanah
ABSTRACT
This study was
conducted to determine the spatio-temporal pattern of
ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in order to understand
the ecology of ants in palm oil ecosystem at Endau Rompin,
Pahang. Sampling was carried out for four consecutive months on three types of
soils, i.e. clay (plots A1 & A2), deep peat (plots B1 & B2) and shallow
peat (plots C1 & C2). Pitfall trapping was used as it is suitable for ants
that forages on the ground. A total of 3,968 individuals were captured
consisting of 13 genera in four subfamilies. Anoplolepis was the most abundant with
1,692 individuals (45.75%) followed by Pheidole (862
individuals; 23:31%) and Paratrechina (228
individuals; 6.17%). In clay, Anoplolepis is
the most abundant meanwhile in deep and shallow peat, Pheidole have the highest number of individuals compared to other genera. Two-way
Chi-squared analysis identified that there were significant differences (p <
0.05) in the compositions amongst the eight genera (Anoplolepis, Oecophylla, Paratrechina, Odontomachus, Ponera, Crematogaster, Pheidole, and Tetramorium) with soil, months and genus combined. As
for the spatio-temporal distribution pattern, Formicinae showed in overall clustered patterns (Ia > 1; p < 0.05) while Ponerinae, Myrmicinae and Aenictinae showed a randomised distribution pattern (Ia ≤ 1; p > 0.05). Local spatio-temporal pattern for the subfamilies was dynamic
with patchy patterns and gaps varied across months. The spatio-temporal
pattern amongst ants observed in this study showed a strong relationship
between the ecology and the behaviour of some ant
genera despite observation was done at the subfamily level. Further study to
identify the spatio-temporal associations amongst
subfamilies is needed to elucidate behavioural ecology of ants and interactions within the diferrent functional groups.
Keywords: Above-ground foragers; Formicidae;
oil palm ecosystems; spatio-temporal distribution
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: faszly@usim.edu.my
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