Sains Malaysiana 49(5)(2020): 1045-1054

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4905-09

Inhibition of the Chemiluminescence and Chemotactic Activity of Phagocytes for Selected Ficus Species Extract and Their Lipoxygenase and Xanthine Oxidase Enzyme Inhibitory

(Perencatan Aktiviti Kemiluminesens dan Kemotaktik Fagosit oleh Ekstrak Spesies Ficus Terpilih dan Kesan Perencatan terhadap Enzim Lipoksigenase dan Xantina Oksidase)

SHUKRANUL MAWA¹, IBRAHIM JANTAN², FADZUREENA JAMALUDDIN³ & KHAIRANA HUSAIN¹*

¹Drug & Herbal Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²School of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Lakeside Campus, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Kepong, 52109 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 10 Mei 2019/Diterima: 28 Januari 2020

ABSTRACT

The effects of crude methanol from seven Ficus species on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were evaluated using luminol based chemiluminescence assay and their inhibition of PMNs chemotaxis was investigated using Boyden chamber technique. Crude methanol of F. aurantiaca, F. parietalis, and F. annulata showed strong activity against PMN chemotaxis with IC₅₀ values of 1.4, 0.3 and 2.2 µg/mL, respectively, while crude methanol from F. aurantiaca and F. parietalis on whole blood and ROS production of PMNs exhibited high inhibitory activity for luminol enhanced chemiluminescence with IC₅₀ values of 1.4, 0.9, and 1.0, 0.4 µg/mL, respectively. In xanthine oxidase inhibition assay, crude methanol from F. aurantiaca (stem), F. parietalis (stem), and F. annulata (leaf) exhibited greater than 92% inhibition at concentration of 100 µg/mL (with IC₅₀ values of 0.9, 1.0 and 8.9 µg/mL, respectively) while some extracts of other species showed more than 60% inhibitions at this concentration. In soybean lipoxygenase (SBL) assay, the methanolic extracts of these 3 species showed potent SBL inhibition with IC₅₀ values of 0.3, 0.7, and 6.3 µg/mL, respectively. The overall results suggest that F. parietalis, F. annulata, and F. aurantiaca might be a prospective source of anti-inflammatory mediators and as a source of new immunomodulatory agents.

Keywords: Chemiluminescence; chemotaxis; medicinal plants; soybean lipoxygenase enzyme; xanthine oxidase

ABSTRAK

Kesan ekstrak mentah metanol terhadap tujuh spesies Ficus ke atas penghasilan spesies oksigen teraktif (ROS) telah dinilai dengan menggunakan assai kemiluminesens yang berasaskan luminol dan perencatan PMN kemotaxis pula menggunakan teknik kebuk Boyden. Ekstrak mentah metanol F. aurantiaca, F. parietalis dan F. annulata menunjukkan aktiviti yang kuat terhadap PMN kemotaxis dengan nilai masing-masing IC₅₀ 1.4, 0.3 dan 2.2 μg/mL, manakala ekstrak mentah metanol daripada F. aurantiaca dan F. parietalis terhadap keseluruhan darah dan penghasilan ROS ke atas PMN pula menunjukkan kesan perencatan yang tinggi terhadap kemiluminesens bagi luminol dengan nilai masing-masing IC₅₀ 1.4, 0.9 dan 1.0, 0.4 μg/mL. Ekstrak mentah metanol F. aurantiaca (batang), F. parietalis (batang) dan F. annulata (daun) dalam asai xantina oksidase menunjukkan perencatan lebih tinggi daripada 92% pada kepekatan 100 μg/mL (IC₅₀ 0.9, 1.0 dan 8.9 μg/mL, masing-masing) manakala sebahagian ekstrak spesies lain pula menunjukkan perencatan yang lebih tinggi daripada 60% pada kepekatan tersebut. Asai lipoksigenase soya (SBL) pula, ekstrak mentah metanol daripada ketiga-tiga spesies ini menunjukkan perencatan SBL yang kuat dengan nilai masing-masing IC₅₀ 0.3, 0.7 dan 6.3 μg/mL. Hasil kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa ekstrak mentah metanol daripada F. parietalis, F. annulata dan F. aurantiaca berkemungkinan dapat dibangunkan sebagai sumber perantara anti-inflamasi dan agen imunomodulasi yang baru.

Kata kunci: Enzim lipoksigenase soya; kemiluminesens; kemotaxis; tumbuhan ubatan;  xantina oksidase

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: khairana@ukm.edu.my