Sains Malaysiana 49(6)(2020): 1223-1236

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4906-02

Breeding and Evaluation of Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna & K.D. Hyde Hybrids via Intraspecific Mating

(Pembiakbakaan dan Penilaian Hibrid Pleurotus giganteus (Berk.) Karunarathna & K.D. Hyde melalui Kacukan Intraspesies)

Ha Kwan Yun^1,2, Chua Su Boon^1,2, Tan Yee Shin^1,2* & Vikineswary Sabaratnam^1,2

¹Mushroom Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

²Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

Disahkan: 3 April 2019/Diterima: 17 February 2020

ABSTRACT

Pleurotus giganteus, the giant oyster mushroom is gaining popularity as a gourmet mushroom. The cultivation of this mushroom in Malaysia, however, is facing challenges such as malformed pinhead formation and low yield resulting in heavy economic losses for farmers. The aim of this study was to generate new hybrids of P. giganteus with higher yield for commercialisation in Malaysia. The commercial strain of P. giganteus (China) (KLU-M1227) and a wild strain from Malaysia (KLU-M1391) were subjected to intraspecific breeding. A total of 16 hybrids were obtained from 56 combinations. All the parents and hybrids were subjected to linear growth assessment. The hybrids were clustered into slow-growing (growth rate < 0.29 cm/day) and fast-growing (growth rate in 0.30 cm/day) types. The parents and three hybrids (IH15, IH17 and IH32) that were the least susceptible to Trichoderma sp. were then cultivated using soil-casing method. This method was able to solve long, coiling stipe formation of P. giganteus. The parent and hybrid strains showed variation in the number of days for pinhead formation and number of fruiting bodies formed. The hybrid with the highest yield (IH32) had a 32% higher biological efficiency compared to both the parents. Inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) amplifications were carried out to confirm the generation of the hybrids. Hybrids IH17 and IH32 contained the genetic materials inherited from both parents while hybrid IH15 shared high amount of genetic materials from one parent.

Keywords: Biological efficiency; giant oyster mushroom; hybrid; linear mycelial growth

ABSTRAK

Pleurotus giganteus yang lebih dikenali sebagai cendawan tiram gergasi dalam kalangan masyarakat, kini semakin popular sebagai salah satu cendawan gourmet. Walau bagaimanapun, penanaman cendawan ini di Malaysia sedang mengalami pelbagai masalah seperti kecacatan pembentukan putik dan hasil yang rendah lalu menyebabkan kerugian besar kepada petani. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk menjana hibrid baru P. giganteus dengan hasil yang tinggi untuk dikomersilkan di Malaysia. Pembiakbakaan intraspesies telah dijalankan bagi strain komersil P. giganteus (China) (KLU-M1227) dan strain liar dari Malaysia (KLU-M1391). Sebanyak 16 hibrid berjaya diperoleh daripada 56 gabungan kacukan. Penilaian pertumbuhan linear telah dilakukan bagi induk dan hibrid. Hibrid telah dikelompokkan kepada jenis pertumbuhan perlahan (kadar pertumbuhan < 0.29 cm/hari) dan pertumbuhan pantas (kadar pertumbuhan ≥ 0.30 cm/hari). Induk dan tiga hibrid (IH15, IH17 dan IH32) yang paling kurang kerentanan terhadap Trichoderma sp. dipilih untuk ditanam menggunakan kaedah salutan tanah. Kaedah ini mampu untuk menyelesaikan masalah pembentukan tangkai buahP. giganteus yang panjang dan berlingkar. Strain induk dan hibrid menunjukkan variasi dalam jumlah bilangan hari bagi pembentukan putik cendawan dan pembentukan badan berbuah. Hibrid dengan hasil tertinggi (IH 32) mempunyai kecekapan biologi 32% lebih tinggi berbanding kedua-dua induk. Teknik amplifikasi Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) telah dijalankan untuk menentukan generasi hibrid. Hibrid IH17 dan IH32 didapati mengandungi bahan genetik yang diwarisi daripada kedua-dua induk manakala hibrid IH15 mewarisi bahan genetik yang banyak daripada satu induk.

Kata kunci: Cendawan tiram gergasi; hibrid; kecekapan biologi; pertumbuhan linear misel

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: tanyeeshin@um.edu.my