Sains Malaysiana 49(8)(2020): 1799-1808

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4908-04

 

Integration of Fish Culture in Hydroponic Agriculture in Flood-Prone Areas

(Integrasi Pengkulturan Ikan dalam Pertanian Hidroponik dalam Kawasan Mudah Banjir)

 

MD. SHAKHAWATE HOSSAIN1,2* & MD. JAHANGIR ALAM1

 

1Department of Fisheries Biology and Aquatic Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Rahman, Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh

 

2Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, Vodňany, 389 25, Czech Republic

 

Diserahkan: 27 Februari 2019/Diterima: 27 Mac 2020

 

ABSTRACT

Floating bed organic cultivation of different vegetables, flowers, and seedlings have been shown a promising means of agricultural crop production in different wetland areas of Bangladesh. The present study was aimed at finding out the suitability of the integration of fish in this system in waterlogged areas. The experiment consists of three treatments namely SB, silver barb Barbonymus gonionotus; T, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus; and SBT, tilapia: silver barb (1:1 ratio) with three replications of 6.75 m2 floating vegetable beds in each. Fish were stocked at a rate of 3 m-2 for five months of culture and fed at 1.5% of body weight twice daily. Over the study period, water quality parameters and fish survival rate did not vary significantly among different treatments. Tilapia showed significantly higher daily and specific growth rates in mono- and polyculture, but silver barb only in polyculture system. Thus, total fish production in kg ha-1 was significantly higher in treatments T (p = 0.001) and SBT (p = 0.001) than SB. Vegetable production was not significantly different among treatments. In the financial analysis, the benefit-cost ratio of different treatments was >1, indicating that investment was financially profitable for all treatments, but treatment T and SBT were more profitable. Therefore, we can conclude that integrating fish with floating bed agriculture systems could be an ideal approach to generate alternate income activities and mitigate climate change effects among disaster-prone waterlogged regions of Bangladesh.

 

Keywords: Aquaculture; Barbonymus gonionotus; floating bed agriculture; Oreochromis niloticus; vegetable production

 

ABSTRAK

Penanaman organik berlapis secara terapung daripada sayur-sayuran, bunga-bunga dan biji benih yang berbeza telah ditunjukkan sebagai kaedah yang berpotensi untuk penghasilan produk pertanian dalam kawasan tanah basah yang berbeza di Bangladesh. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan kesesuaian integrasi ikan di sistem ini dalam kawasan tanah berair. Kajian ini mengandungi tiga rawatan iaitu SB, lampam jawa Barbonymus gonionotus; T, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus; dan SBT, tilapia: lampam jawa (nisbah 1:1) dengan tiga replikasi daripada setiap 6.75 m2 sayuran berlapis yang terapung. Ikan distok pada kadar 3 m2 selama 5 bulan pengkulturan dan diberi makan sebanyak 1.5% daripada berat badannya sebanyak dua kali sehari. Sepanjang tempoh kajian, parameter kualiti air dan kadar kelangsungan hidup ikan tidak menunjukkan variasi yang ketara antara kaedah yang berbeza. Tilapia menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan khusus harian yang lebih tinggi dan ketara dalam pengkulturan mono dan poli, tetapi lampam jawa hanya pada sistem pengkulturan poli. Oleh itu, penghasilan ikan keseluruhan dalam kg ha-1 adalah lebih ketara tinggi dalam rawatan T (p = 0.001) dan SBT (p = 0.001) daripada SB. Penghasilan sayuran adalah tidak ketara antara rawatan. Analisis kewangan menunjukkan nisbah faedah-kos daripada rawatan yang berbeza adalah >1, menunjukkan bahawa pelaburan adalah menguntungkan daripada segi kewangan untuk kesemua rawatan, tetapi rawatan T dan SBT adalah lebih menguntungkan. Oleh itu, kami dapat menyimpulkan bahawa integrasi ikan dengan sistem pertaninan berlapis secara terapung boleh menjadi pendekatan yang ideal untuk menjana punca pendapatan alternatif dan mengurangkan kesan perubahan iklim antara kawasan yang mudah terkesan dengan bencana tanah berair di Bangladesh.

 

Kaa kunci: Akuakultur; Barbonymus gonionotus; penghasilan sayuran; pertanian berlapis terapung; Oreochromis niloticus

 

RUJUKAN

Afroz, S. & Islam, M.S. 201. Economics of aus rice (Oryza sativa) and jute (Corchorus olitorius) cultivation in some selected areas of Narsingdi district of Bangladesh. The Agriculturists 10(2): 90-97.

Ali, H., Haque, M.M., Murshed-e-Jahan, K., Rahi, M.L., Ali, M.M., Al-Masud, M. & Faruque, G. 2016. Suitability of different fish species for cultivation in integrated floating cage aquageoponics system (IFCAS) in Bangladesh. Aquaculture Reports 4: 93-100.

Baas, S. & Ramasamy, S. 2008. Community Based in Action. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

Bhatnagar, A. & Devi, P. 2013. Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fish culture. International Journal of Environmental Sciences 3(6): 1980-2009.

Boyd, C.E. & Pippopinyo, S. 1994. Factors affecting respiration in dry pond bottom soils. Aquaculture 120(3-4): 283-293.

Brouwer, R., Akter, S., Brander, L. & Haque, E. 2007. Socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptation to environmental risk: A case study of climate change and flooding in Bangladesh. Risk Analysis 27(2): 313-326.

BWDB. 2012. Annual report Journal of Cleaner Production. Dhaka: Flood Forecasting and Warning Centre, Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB).

Caldini, N.N., Rebouças, V.T., Cavalcante, D.D.H., Martins, R.B. & Sá, M.V.D.C. 2011. Water quality and Nile tilapia growth performance under different feeding schedules. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 33(4): 427-430.

Chaudhary, S., Shrestha, M., Jha, D. & Pandit, N. 2008. Growth performance of silver barb (Puntius gonionotus) in mono and polyculture systems. Our Nature 6(1): 38-46.

Chervinski, J. 1982. Environmental physiology of tilapias. The Biology and Culture of Tilapia. Proceedings of the 7th ICLARM Conference, Manila, Philippines.

Chowdhury, R.B. & Moore, G.A. 2017. Floating agriculture: A potential cleaner production technique for climate change adaptation and sustainable community development in Bangladesh. Journal of Cleaner Production 150: 371-389.

FAO. 2018. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture. Contributing to Food Security and Nutrition for All. Rome: Food & Agriculture Org. p. 227.

Habib, K., Newaz, A., Badhon, M., Naser, M. & Shahabuddin, A. 2015. Effects of stocking density on growth and production performance of cage reared climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) of high yielding vietnamese stock. World Journal of Agricultural Science 11(1): 19-28.

Haq, A., Ghosal, T.K. & Ghosh, P. 2004. Cultivating wetlands in Bangladesh. Leisa Magazine 20(4): 18-20.

Haque, S., Wahab, M., Wahid, M. & Haq, M. 1998. Impacts of Thai silver barb (Puntius gonionotus Bleeker) inclusion in the polyculture of carps. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 2(1): 15-22.

Hussain, M.G., Rahman, M.A., Akteruzzaman, M. & Kohinoor, A.H.M. 1989. A study on the production of Oreochromis niloticus (Linneus) in semi-intensive system in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries Research 12(1): 59-65.

Hussain, M., Obaidullah, M., Rahman, M., Akhteruzzaman, M. & Perschbacher, P. 1987. Hormone induced ovulation and spawning of Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker). The 12 Annual Bangladesh Science Conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 10-14 January 1987.

IPCC. 2012. Managing The Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Irfanullah, H. 2013. The ‘moving sown fields’: Anyone interested. SILnews 63: 22-23.

Irfanullah, H., Azad, M., Kamruzzaman, M. & Wahed, M. 2011. Floating gardening in Bangladesh: A means to rebuild lives after devastating flood. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 10(1): 31-38.

Islam, T. & Atkins, P. 2007. Indigenous floating cultivation: A sustainable agricultural practice in the wetlands of Bangladesh. Development in Practice 17(1): 130-136.

Kundzewicz, Z.W., Mata, L.J., Arnell, N.W., Döll, P., Jimenez, B., Miller, K., Oki, T., Şen, Z. & Shiklomanov, I. 2008. The implications of projected climate change for freshwater resources and their management. Hydrological Sciences Journal 53(1): 3-10.

Mirza, M.M.Q., Warrick, R. & Ericksen, N. 2003. The implications of climate change on floods of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers in Bangladesh. Climatic Change 57(3): 287-318.

Mollah, M., Moniruzzaman, M. & Rahman, M. 2011. Effects of stocking densities on growth and survival of Thai Sharpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus) in earthen ponds. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 9(2): 327-338.

Mondal, M., Shahin, J., Wahab, M., Asaduzzaman, M. & Yang, Y. 2010. Comparison between cage and pond production of Thai climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under three management systems. Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University 8(2): 313-322.

Poncelet, A. 2009. Bangladesh Case Study Report: The Land of Mad Rivers. EACH-FOR Case Study Report.

Rahman, A.A., Alam, M., Alam, S.S., Uzzaman, M.R., Rashid, M. & Rabbani, G. 2007. Risks, Vulnerability and Adaptation in Bangladesh. Human Development Report.

Rayhan, I. & Grote, U. 2007. Coping with floods: Does rural-urban migration play any role for survival in rural Bangladesh. Journal of Identity and Migration Studies 1(2): 82-98.

Sarker, B., Rahman, M. & Amin, M.R. 2016. Effects of stocking density on growth and production of silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) in pond. The Agriculturists 14(2): 61-66.

Shamsuddin, M., Hossain, M.B., Rahman, M.M., Asadujjaman, M. & Ali, M.Y. 2012. Performance of monosex fry production of two Nile tilapia strains: GIFT and NEW GIPU. World Journal of Fish and Marine Scienc 4: 68-72.

Shang, Y.C. 1990. Aquaculture Economic Analysis: An Introduction. Los Angeles: World Aquaculture Society.

Tidwell, J.H., Coyle, S.D., VanArnum, A., Weibel, C. & Harkins, S. 2000. Growth, survival, and body composition of cage‐cultured Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fed pelleted and unpelleted distillers grains with solubles in polyculture with freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 31(4): 627-631.

Walsham, M. 2010. Assessing the Evidence: Environment, Climate Change and Migration in Bangladesh. International Organization for Migration (IOM). Regional Office for South Asia.

Winterborne, J. 2005. Hydroponics: Indoor Horticulture. Surrey: Pukka Press.

 

*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: shakhawate@bsmrau.edu.bd

 

 

 

sebelumnya