Sains Malaysiana 49(9)(2020): 2261-2267

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4909-23

Rice Husk Activated Carbon with NaOH Activation: Physical and Chemical Properties

(Karbon Teraktif Sekam Padi Diaktif dengan NaOH: Sifat Fizikal dan Kimia)

MOHAMAD JANI SAAD^1,4*, CHIA CHIN HUA¹, SUFFIAN MISRAN³, SARANI ZAKARIA¹, MOHD SAIFUL SAJAB² & MOHAMMAD HARIZ ABDUL RAHMAN⁴

¹Bioresources and Biorefinery Laboratory, Materials Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), 52100 Kepong, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

⁴Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 15 Oktober 2019/Diterima: 8 Mei 2020

ABSTRACT

Activated carbon was produced from rice husk by activating with NaOH. Three types of samples were made at 850, 750, and 650 °C activation temperature. The properties of the samples were determined. The activated carbons have surface area of 429.82 m²/g from 850 °C activation, 121.39 m²/g (750 °C) and 93.89 m²/g (650 °C). The results were higher than rice husk carbon without activation (0.23 m²/g). The activated carbons have mesopore size. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the samples were also determined. The activation process increased the carbon content of the samples. Physical characteristics of the activated carbons were shown from the XRD analysis. FTIR demonstrated the different functional of the rice husk carbon and activated. The SEM images showed the pores on the surface of the activated carbon due to the NaOH activation.

Keywords: Activated carbon; chemical properties; NaOH activation; physical properties; rice husk

ABSTRAK

Karbon teraktif (AC) daripada sekam padi telah dihasilkan dengan mengaktifkan NaOH. Tiga jenis sampel karbon teraktif dihasilkan pada suhu 850, 750 dan 650 °C. Keputusan luas permukaan sampel sekam karbon teraktif ialah 429.82 m²/g (850 °C), 121.39 m²/g (750 °C) dan 93.89 m²/g (650 °C). Nilai ini lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan sekam karbon kawalan iaitu 0.23 m²/g. Saiz liang bagi karbon teraktif sekam padi ialah 2-50 nm iaitu dalam saiz mesoliang. Hasil analisis proksimat dan muktamad turut ditentukan. Proses pengaktifan telah meningkatkan kandungan karbon sampel. Ciri fizikal karbon teraktif ditunjukkan daripada analisis XRD. FTIR menunjukkan kefungsian berbeza karbon sekam padi dan teraktif. Pemerhatian daripada ujian SEM mendapati adanya liang-liang pada permukaan karbon teraktif hasil daripada pengaktifan NaOH.

Kata kunci: Karbon teraktif; pengaktifan NaOH; sekam padi; sifat fizikal; sifat kimia

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohamadjanisaad72@gmail.com