Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3423-3436

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-25

 

A Geant4 Simulation on the Application of Multi-layer Graphene as a Detector Material in High-energy Physics

(Simulasi Geant4 ke atas Pengaplikasian Grafin Berbilang Lapisan sebagai Bahan Pengesan dalam Fizik Bertenaga Tinggi)

 

NURUL HIDAYAH MOHAMAD NOR1,2,*, NUR AFIRA ANUAR2, WAN AHMAD TAJUDDIN WAN ABDULLAH1, BOON TONG GOH2 & MOHD FAKHARUL ZAMAN RAJA YAHYA3

 

1National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

2Low Dimensional Material Research Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

3Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 3 Januari 2022/Diterima: 25 Mei 2022

 

Abstract

The excellent properties of graphene, such as its high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, and high electron density, make it an ideal candidate as a detector material in high-energy physics applications. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of multi-layer graphene (MLG) as a detector material in a high-energy environment. The Geant4 software package was used to estimate the energy of the deposited electrons within various thicknesses of MLG, ranging from 3 to 20 nm. The efficiency of the MLG as a detector material was further analyzed from the scattering angle and the yield of the secondary particles produced from the electron interaction with the material. The incident electron’s kinetic energy used herein ranged between 30 keV and 1 GeV, at a particle fluence of 1×107 e/cm2. The results show that the deposited energy was relatively low for the interaction with 1 MeV electrons, and dramatically increased as the thickness increases beyond 15 nm. This result was further supported by the highest yield of gamma radiation recorded by the interaction with a kinetic energy larger than 1 MeV, for thickness larger than 15 nm. The results suggest that the MLG works best as a charged particle detector in low energy ranges, while for high energy ranges, a thickness over 15 nm is suggested. The findings demonstrate that a MLG with a thickness larger than 15 nm could potentially be used as a detector material in high-energy conditions.

 

Keywords: Detector material; Geant4; Monte Carlo simulation method

 

Abstrak

Ciri cemerlang grafin seperti kekonduksian terma, kekonduksian elektrik dan ketumpatan elektron yang tinggi telah menjadikannya calon yang ideal sebagai bahan pengesan dalam aplikasi fizik bertenaga tinggi. Kajian ini menunjukkan kebolehlaksanaan grafin berbilang lapisan (MLG) sebagai bahan pengesan dalam persekitaran bertenaga tinggi. Perisian Geant4 digunakan untuk mengukur tenaga elektron terdeposit dalam pelbagai ketebalan MLG, antara 3 hingga 20 nm. Kecekapan MLG sebagai bahan pengesan dianalisis selanjutnya dari sudut serakan dan hasil zarah sekunder yang dihasilkan daripada interaksi elektron dengan bahan. Tenaga kinetik elektron yang digunakan di sini adalah antara 30 keV hingga 1 GeV, pada kelancaran zarah 1×107 e/cm2. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa tenaga yang didepositkan adalah agak rendah untuk interaksi dengan elektron 1 MeV dan bertambah baik secara mendadak dengan ketebalan melebihi 15 nm. Keputusan ini disokong lagi oleh hasil sinaran gamma tertinggi yang diperoleh untuk interaksi dengan tenaga kinetik lebih besar daripada 1 MeV bagi ketebalan melebihi 15 nm. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa MLG berfungsi paling baik sebagai pengesan zarah bercas dalam julat tenaga rendah, manakala untuk julat tenaga tinggi, ketebalan melebihi 15 nm dicadangkan.

 

Kata kunci: Bahan pengesan; Geant4; kaedah simulasi Monte Carlo

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nurulhidayah@um.edu.my

 

 

 

   

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