Sains Malaysiana 51(12)(2022): 3923-3935

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-05

 

Antibacterial Properties of Chitosan Isolated from the Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens

(Sifat Antibakteria Kitosan Pencilan daripada Lalat Askar Hitam, Hermetia illucens)

 

TEO HUI PENG, LAW KE WEI, ERIC CHAN WEI CHIANG & MICHELLE SOO OI YOON*

 

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University KL, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 22 Disember 2021/Diterima: 22 Ogos 2022

 

Abstract

Insects are receiving wide attention as alternative food and feed resources, and for the production of useful by-products such as chitin, which can be converted into chitosan, a natural antibacterial agent. The larvae of Hermetia illucens, commonly known as Black Soldier Fly (BSF), can be reared on organic waste substrates and can be produced on a large scale. In this study, we focused on the antibacterial activity of chitosan obtained from BSF. Chitin from different growth phases of BSF was isolated using chemical treatments, characterized, and further synthesized into chitosan by deacetylation. The identities and structures of all isolated and synthesized compounds were verified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial effect of BSF chitosan compounds against pathogenic bacteria were assessed with the determination of a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results showed that the chitin content increased gradually during the transition from larvae to adult BSF, with the highest amount obtained in the pupal stage. In the antibacterial susceptibility assay, Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant to the action of BSF chitosan, with no significant effect exerted on its growth. For other species of bacteria, BSF chitosan could only restrict bacterial growth at concentrations of 0.25% or 0.5%, with the two most susceptible species being identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. In conclusion, BSF chitosan exhibited antibacterial activity against different bacteria with varying sensitivities, in which the chitosan concentration was demonstrated to play an essential role.

 

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Black Soldier Fly; chitin; chitosan; Hermetia illucens

 

Abstrak

Serangga mendapat perhatian meluas sebagai punca makanan dan makanan alternatif, dan untuk penghasilan produk sampingan yang berguna seperti kitin, yang boleh ditukar menjadi kitosan, agen antibakteria semula jadi. Larva Hermetia illucens, biasanya dikenali sebagai Lalat Askar Hitam (BSF), boleh diternak pada substrat sisa organik dan boleh dihasilkan secara besar-besaran. Dalam kajian ini, tumpuan diberikan kepada aktiviti antibakteria kitosan yang diperoleh daripada BSF. Kitin daripada fasa pertumbuhan BSF yang berbeza telah diasingkan menggunakan rawatan kimia, dicirikan dan selanjutnya disintesis menjadi kitosan melalui penyahetilasi. Identiti dan struktur semua sebatian terpencil dan tersintesis telah disahkan menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR). Kesan antibakteria sebatian kitosan BSF terhadap bakteria patogen telah dinilai dengan penentuan kepekatan perencatan minimum (MIC). Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kandungan kitin meningkat secara beransur-ansur semasa peralihan daripada larva kepada BSF dewasa dengan jumlah tertinggi diperoleh pada peringkat pupa. Dalam asai kerentanan antibakteria, Staphylococcus aureus adalah yang paling tahan terhadap tindakan kitosan BSF, tanpa kesan ketara terhadap pertumbuhannya. Bagi spesies bakteria lain, kitosan BSF hanya boleh menyekat pertumbuhan bakteria pada kepekatan 0.25% atau 0.5% dengan dua spesies yang paling rentan dikenal pasti sebagai Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Serratia marcescens. Kesimpulannya, kepekatan kitosan memainkan peranan penting kerana kitosan BSF mempamerkan aktiviti antibakteria terhadap bakteria yang berlainan dengan sensitiviti yang berbeza-beza.

 

Kata kunci: Aktiviti anti bakteria; kitin; kitosan; Hermetia illucens; Lalat Askar Hitam

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: michellesoo@ucsiuniversity.edu.my

 

 

   

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