Sains Malaysiana 52(2)(2023): 321-331

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5202-01

 

Monitoring Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation in Rivers Using Damselflies (Insecta: Odonata, Zygoptera) as Biological Indicator

(Memantau Bioakumulasi Logam Berat di dalam Sungai menggunakan Pepatung Jarum (Insecta: Odonata, Zygoptera) sebagai Penunjuk Biologi)

 

AHMAD HADRI JUMAAT & SUHAILA AB HAMID*


School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 1 Jun 2022/Diterima: 27 November 2022

 

Abstract

Contamination by pollutants in freshwater ecosystem has been identified extensively in river, sediments, and freshwater biota. Pollutants may have incorporated into the sediments and accumulated in tissue of aquatic organisms which persist as difficult to degrade matter in upper trophic level. Therefore, few selected heavy metals were measured from the river sediment and tissue of damselflies larvae collected from the selected rivers using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results showed metals in damselflies tissue were higher than in the sediments. Mn and Zn were found in greatest concentrations both in sediment and damselflies’s tissue. Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were computed based on these data, and it was discovered that all values of BSAF for Cd, Cu, Mn, and Zn were typically high (BSAF >1). In conclusion, the rivers contamination induced accumulation of heavy metal in the river sediments and damselflies larvae (Pseudagrion microcephalum, Pruinosum fraseri, and Copera marginipes). The highest concentration value was calculated as 29.23 for Cd in the C. marginipes.  The high concentrations of this element in the insect body tissue has shown a trace of bioaccumulation and may pose biomagnification to organisms in the upper trophic level. The results of this study indicated that damselfly is reliable to become a bioindicator for heavy metals particularly pollution in the river.

 

Keywords: Aquatic insects; bioaccumulation; heavy metals; sediments

 

Abstrak

Pencemaran oleh bahan pencemar dalam ekosistem air tawar telah dikenal pasti secara meluas dalam sungai, sedimen dan biota air tawar. Bahan pencemar mungkin telah meresap ke dalam sedimen dan terkumpul di dalam tisu organisma akuatik yang berterusan sebagai sukar untuk diuraikan pada aras trofik teratas. Oleh itu, beberapa logam berat terpilih diukur daripada sedimen sungai dan tisu larva pepatung jarum yang dikumpul daripada sungai terpilih menggunakan spektrometri pelepasan optik plasma (ICP-OES) yang digabungkan secara induktif. Keputusan menunjukkan logam dalam tisu pepatung jarum lebih tinggi daripada dalam sedimen. Mn dan Zn didapati dalam kepekatan terbesar untuk sedimen dan tisu pepatung jarum. Faktor pengumpulan biota-sedimen (BSAF) telah dihitung berdasarkan data ini dan didapati bahawa semua nilai BSAF untuk Cd, Cu, Mn dan Zn adalah tinggi (BSAF >1). Kesimpulannya, pencemaran sungai menyebabkan pengumpulan logam berat dalam sedimen sungai dan larva pepatung jarum (Pseudagrion microcephalum, Pruinosum fraseri dan Copera marginipes). Nilai kepekatan tertinggi dihitung sebagai 29.23 untuk Cd dalam tisu C. marginipes. Kepekatan tinggi unsur ini dalam tisu badan serangga telah menunjukkan kesan bioakumulasi dan mungkin menimbulkan pembesaran biologi kepada organisma pada aras trofik atas. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa pepatung jarum boleh digunakan sebagai penunjuk biologi bagi logam berat khususnya pencemaran di sungai.

 

Kata kunci: Bioakumulasi; logam berat; sedimen; serangga akuatik

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: ahsuhaila@usm.my