Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 19 No 1 (2015): 20 – 30

 

 

 

1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM CHLORIDE PRETREATMENT ON MALAYSIA LIGNOCELLULOSIC WASTES

 

(Prarawatan 1-Butil-3-metilimidazolium Klorida pada Sisa Lignoselulosa di Malaysia)

 

Loh Poh Lee, Nur Hasyareeda Hassan*, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop

 

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology,

Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43000 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: syareeda@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Abstract

Ionic liquids (ILs) are of great interest as potential solvents for the production of fuels from lignocellulosic biomass which is a potential source of biofuels. To study the effects of pretreatment, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) was used to pretreat woody plants, kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) and jelutong (Dyera costulata), and non-woody plants, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) and rice husk (Oryza sativa) at 120 for 24 h. Cellulose was regenerated by the addition of water. The cell wall composition and structure of the lignocellulosic biomasses before and after the ILs pretreatment were observed and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared (ATR FT-IR) spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). After the pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis was carried out to identify the total reducing sugars (TRS) yields using dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) method. Regenerated lignocellulosic biomasses resulted in high TRS yields compared to their counter-parts which are in agreement with the findings of FESEM, ATR FT-IR and XRD that exhibited regenerated cellulose were less crystalline and more amorphous upon IL pretreatment. Therefore, kempas and jelutong can be alternate sources for the biofuels production.

 

Keywords: [Bmim]Cl, Dyera costulata, enzymatic hydrolysis, Hibiscus cannabinus, Koompassia malaccensis, Oryza sativa

 

Abstrak

Cecair Ionik (CI) digunakan sebagai pelarut untuk penghasilan biobahan api daripada biojisim lignoselulosa yang merupakan sumber biobahan api berpotensi. Untuk mengkaji kesan-kesan prarawatan, 1-butil-3-metilimidazolium klorida ([Bmim]Cl) telah digunakan untuk merawat pelbagai tumbuhan berkayu, kempas (Koompassia malaccensis) dan jelutong (Dyera costulata), dan tumbuhan tidak berkayu, kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) dan sekam padi (Oryza sativa) pada 120 selama 24 h. Selulosa diperoleh semula dengan penambahan air. Komposisi dinding sel dan struktur biojisim lignoselulosik sebelum dan selepas prarawatan CI diperhatikan dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron imbasan medan pancaran (FESEM), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier pantulan keseluruhan dikecilkan (ATR FT-IR), dan belauan sinar-X (XRD). Selepas prarawatan, hidrolisis enzim telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti hasil gula penurun dengan menggunakan kaedah DNS. Biojisim lignoselulosa yang dirawat dengan CI menunjukkan hasil gula penurun lebih tinggi berbanding dengan biojisim lignoselulosa tidak dirawat. Ini juga disokong oleh analisis FESEM, ATR FT-IR dan XRD yang menunjukkan selulosa diperoleh semula adalah kurang berhablur dan lebih amorfus selepas prarawatan dengan CI. Oleh itu, kempas dan jelutong boleh dijadikan sumber sampingan dalam penghasilan biobahan api.

 

Kata kunci:     [Bmim]Cl, Dyera costulata, hidrolisis berenzim, Hibiscus cannabinus, Koompassia malaccensis, Oryza  sativa

 

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