Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 5 (2018): 867 - 876

ENHANCEMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF SINENSETIN EXTRACT FROM Orthosiphon stamineus USING SUPERCRTITICAL CARBON DIOXIDE EXTRACTION

(Peningkatan dan Pengoptimuman Ekstrak Sinensetin dari Orthosiphon stamineus Menggunakan Kaedah Pengekstrakan Bendalir Supergenting Karbon Dioksida)

Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz¹, Mohd Azizi Che Yunus²*, Lee Nian Yian¹, Zuhaili Idham¹, Fahim Rithwan³, Hafizah Mohd Hadzri⁴, Ana Najwa Mustapha⁵

¹Centre of Lipids Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research

²Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

³NF Marketing, 41050 Meru, Selangor, Malaysia

⁴Mukjizat International Sdn Bhd., 40100 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

⁵Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA,40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: azizi@cheme.utm.my

Received: 16 April 2017; Accepted: 7 March 2018

Abstract

Sinensetin is a rare valuable flavonoid compound that contains 5 methoxy groups attached on the flavone backbone. This compound is abundantly established in citrus peel and can also be found in medicinal herb, ‘misai kucing’. Scientifically, ‘misai kucing’ is known as Orthosiphon stamineus; mostly used to treat kidney stones by old folks. Orthosiphon stamineus was listed in National Key Economic Area (NKEA) as contributor towards the Malaysian Economic Growth. Thus, this study was conducted with objectives to determine suitable modifier for supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extraction and to optimize the SC-CO₂ extraction condition (pressure, temperature and average particle size) on the concentration of sinensetin. Water, methanol and acetone were used on the determination of modifier for SC-CO₂ extraction by using water bath extraction at 40 °C in 8 hours. The results showed that acetone gave the highest percentage of sinensetin extract of 0.11%. Therefore, acetone was used as a modifier to enhance the extraction of sinensetin. The concentration of sinensetin was increased and the highest percentage of sinensetin obtained was 6.99%. Response surface methodology (RSM) through Box-Behnken design via Design Expert Software was applied to optimize the SC-CO₂ conditions. The first-order polynomial was used to express the percentage of sinensetin with R² value of 0.542. The optimum SC-CO₂ operating condition was 30 MPa, 40 °C and 308.24 µm with sinensetin percentage of 4.35%. Hence, SC-CO₂ with small amount of modifier was the best method to extract sinensetin as compared to water bath extraction method.

Keywords: sinensetin, supercritical carbon dioxide, orthosiphon stamineus, misai kucing, optimization

Abstrak

Sinensetin merupakan sebatian flavonoid yang jarang ditemui dan sangat berharga terdiri daripada 5 kumpulan metoksi yang terikat pada struktur flavone. Sebatian ini banyak dijumpai dalam kulit limau dan juga boleh didapati dalam herba 'misai kucing'. Secara saintifik, 'misai kucing' dikenali sebagai Orthosiphon stamineus; di mana ‘misai kucing’ digunakan untuk merawat batu karang oleh orang-orang tua. Orthosiphon stamineus telah disenaraikan dalam Kawasan Ekonomi Utama Negara (NKEA) sebagai penyumbang kepada pertumbuhan ekonomi negara. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan dengan objektif untuk menentukan pelarut tambahan yang sesuai untuk pengekstrakan bendalir supergenting karbon dioksida (SC-CO₂) dan mengoptimumkan pemboleh ubah SC-CO₂ (tekanan, suhu dan purata saiz zarah) terhadap kepekatan sinensetin. Air, metanol dan aseton telah digunakan untuk menentukan pelarut tambahan untuk pengekstrakan SC-CO₂ dengan menggunakan pengekstrakan rendaman air pada suhu 40 °C dalam masa 8 jam. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa aseton memberikan peratusan sinensetin tertinggi sebanyak 0.11%. Oleh itu, aseton digunakan sebagai pelarut tambahan untuk meningkatkan pengekstrakan sinensetin dalam SC-CO₂. Kepekatan sinensetin meningkat dan peratusan tertinggi sinensetin diperoleh ialah 6.99%. Kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM) melalui rekabentuk Box-Behnken menggunakan perisian Design Expert untuk mengoptimumkan pemboleh ubah SC-CO₂. Polinomial tertib pertama digunakan untuk menyatakan peratusan sinensetin dengan nilai regrasi R² ialah 0.542. Keadaan optimum bagi SC-CO₂ adalah 30 MPa, 40 ° C dan 308.24 μm dengan peratusan sinensetin sebanyak 4.35%. Oleh itu, SC-CO₂ dengan sedikit pelarut tambahan adalah kaedah terbaik untuk mengekstrak sinensetin berbanding kaedah pengekstrakan rendaman air.

Kata kunci: sinensetin, bendalir supergenting karbon dioksida, orthosiphon stamineus, misai kucing, pengoptimuman

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