Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 6 (2018): 1048 - 1056

DOI: 10.17576/mjas-2018-2206-15

 

 

 

DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE CONTENTS IN KENAF

 

(Penentuan Kandungan Glukosa dalam Kenaf)

 

Fatin Afifah Ahmad Kuthi¹, Nurulhuda Mohd Yunus¹, Goh Kae Horng¹, Khairiah Haji Badri^1,2*

 

¹School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology

²Polymer Research Center, Faculty of Science and Technology

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: kaybadri@ukm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 27 July 2017; Accepted: 28 April 2018

 

 

Abstract

Kenaf is one of the potential plant fibres used in research on the extraction and recovery of glucose. Kenaf fiber is comprised of a kenaf core (KC) and kenaf bast (KB). This study was performed to explore a hot water pre-treatment (HWP) using boiling water immersion for 2 hours on both KC and KB. Alkaline treatment using 6% (w/v) sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solution was subsequently performed for 3 hours at room temperature. The percentages of a-cellulose and hemicellulose in both KC and KB were found to increase after HWP. On the contrary, the percentages of a-cellulose and hemicellulose decreased upon NaOH treatment. The percentage of Klason lignin was reduced when KC and KB had undergone the HWP and NaOH treatments. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR) revealed the removal of lignin from both parts of kenaf fibre after the NaOH treatment. This was confirmed when the peaks at 1735 cm^-1 and    1246 cm^-1 disappeared after the treatment. Glucose as part of carbohydrates was determined in the fibre and filtrate using phenol sulfuric (PS) and dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) analyses respectively. PS analysis indicated that the amount of glucose in KC-HWP (0.17 mg/g) was higher than in untreated KC (0.13 mg/g) and KC-NaOH (0.09 mg/g). The untreated KB showed the highest glucose content (0.36 mg/g), followed by KB-HWP (0.29 mg/g) and KB-NaOH (0.18 mg/g). Meanwhile, DNS analysis disclosed that the glucose concentrations in the KC filtrate for both treatments were 0.05 mg/mL. In contrast, the DNS analysis for KB showed a slightly lower glucose concentration in the KB-HWP filtrate (0.062 mg/mL) compared to the KB-NaOH (0.064 mg/mL). The glucose production was highly related to the composition of a-cellulose in the kenaf fibers.

 

Keywords:  carbohydrate, kenaf fibre, compositional analysis, phenol sulfuric, dinitrosalicylic acid

 

Abstrak

Kenaf merupakam salah satu serabut tumbuhan yang berpotensi dalam penyelidikan yang melibatkan pengestrakan dan perolehan glukosa. Serabut kenaf terdiri daripada dua bahagian iaitu teras (KC) dan kulit (KB). Kajian ini meneroka pra-rawatan rendaman air mendidih (HWP) selama 2 jam bagi kedua-dua KC dan KB. Seterusnya, rawatan alkali menggunakan 6% (w/v) larutan akues natrium hidroksida (NaOH) dijalankan selama 3 jam pada suhu bilik. Peratus kandungan a-selulosa dan hemiselulosa bagi KC dan KB didapati meningkat selepas pra-rawatan air panas. Sebaliknya, peratusan  a-selulosa dan hemiselulosa menurun selepas rawatan NaOH. Peratus kandungan lignin Klason berkurang apabila KC dan KB menjalani rawatan HWP dan NaOH. Analisis spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR) menunjukkan bahawa berlaku penyingkiran lignin pada kedua-dua bahagian kenaf yang dirawat NaOH. Ia dapat dibuktikan apabila puncak pada nombor gelombang 1735 cm^-1 dan 1246 cm^-1 hilang selepas rawatan NaOH dijalankan. Glukosa yang merupakan sebahagian daripada karbohidrat ditentukan kandungannya di dalam serabut dan filtrat masing-masing menggunakan kaedah fenol sulfurik (PS) dan asid dinitrosalisilik (DNS). Berdasarkan analisis PS, kandungan glukosa dalam KC-HWP (0.17 mg/g) adalah lebih tinggi berbanding sampel KC tidak terawat (0.13 mg/g) dan KC-NaOH (0.09 mg/g). Berbeza dengan serabut KB di mana sampel KB tidak terawat menunjukkan kandungan glukosa yang tinggi iaitu 0.36 mg/g diikuti dengan KB-HWP (0.29 mg/g) dan KB-NaOH (0.18 mg/g). Analisis DNS menunjukkan kepekatan filtrat KC-HWP dan KC-NaOH adalah sama iaitu 0.05 mg/mL. Sebaliknya, analisis DNS bagi KB mempamerkan kepekatan glukosa yang sedikit rendah dalam filtrat KB-HWP (0.062 mg/mL) berbanding filtrat KB-NaOH (0.064 mg/mL). Perolehan glukosa sangat bergantung kepasa kandungan komposisi a-selulosa serabut kenaf.

 

Kata kunci:  serabut kenaf, analisis komposisi, karbohidrat, fenol sulfurik, asid dinitrosalisilik

 

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