Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 22 No 6 (2018): 957 - 964

CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ACETONE Musa acuminate AA/AAA LEAF STALK EXTRACTS ON SELECTIVE GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA

(Sebatian Kimia dan Aktiviti Antimikrob dari Ekstrak Aseton Pelepah Daun Musa acuminate AA/AAA pada Bakteria Jenis Gram Negatif Terpilih)

Tuan Nadrah Ismail, Raja Azman Awang, Suharni Mohamad, Wan Nazatul Shima Shahidan*

School of Dental Sciences, Health Campus,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: shima@usm.my

Received: 3 May 2017; Accepted: 29 October 2018

Abstract

Banana is a familiar tropical fruit and is acclaimed for its therapeutic uses. A previous study has found that acetone banana leaf stalk extract of the Cavendish group (Musa acuminate AA/AAA) have antibacterial properties on selected Gram-negative bacteria using the agar disc diffusion method. Hence, this study is aimed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activities Musa acuminate AA/AAA. The chemical composition of Musa acuminate AA/AAA leaf stalk extract was analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the mass spectra library was used to identify an unknown chemical in the sample mixture. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Musa acuminate AA/AAA leaf stalk extract was investigated using macrobroth dilution on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The GC/MS analysis revealed the presence of more than forty individual compounds and a significant difference in the percentage composition of leaf stalk parts was observed. The extract inhibited bacterial growth at an MIC of 125 mg/ml and 250 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli respectively, while the MBC was 500 mg/ml against both organisms with comparable effects to chlorhexidine. Musa acuminate AA/AAA leaf stalk extract possesses good antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. The results indicate that Musa acuminate AA/AAA leaf stalk can be used against other Gram-negative bacteria.

Keywords: phytochemical, Musa acuminate AA/AAA leaf stalk, acetone extract, Gram-negative bacteria

Abstrak

Pisang adalah buah tropika yang biasa dan telah diiktiraf untuk kegunaan terapeutiknya. Kajian kami sebelum ini telah mendapati bahawa ekstrak tangkai daun pisang berangan (Musa acuminate AA/AAA) menggunakan aseton mempunyai ciri-ciri antibakteria terhadap bakteria gram-negatif terpilih dengan menggunakan kaedah penyebaran cakera agar. Oleh itu, objektif utama kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisa fitokimia dan aktiviti antibakterianya. Komposisi kimia ekstrak tangkai daun Musa acuminate AA/AAA dianalisa menggunakan GC/MS dan perpustakaan spektrum jisim telah digunakan untuk mengenal pasti bahan kimia yang tidak diketahui dalam campuran sampel. Aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak telah disiasat oleh MIC dan MBC menggunakan pencairan macrobroth terhadap strain patogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Escherichia coli. GC/MS analisis menunjukkan kehadiran lebih daripada empat puluh sebatian individu dan perbezaan yang signifikan dalam komposisi peratusan bahagian tangkai daun dapat dilihat. Ekstrak menghalang pertumbuhan bakteria pada MIC 125 mg/ml terhadap Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan 250 mg/ml terhadap Escherichia coli, manakala MBC adalah 500 mg/ml terhadap kedua-dua organisma dengan kesan setanding klorheksidina. Perbezaan ketara dalam komposisi peratusan bahagian tangkai daun dilihat. Keseluruhan ekstrak dalam kajian ini memiliki aktiviti antibakteria yang baik terhadap bakteria yang diuji. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa kajian terhadap tangkai daun pisang boleh diteruskan terhadap beberapa bakteria Gram-negatif.

Kata kunci: fitokimia, pelepah daun pisang Musa acuminate AA/AAA, ekstrak aseton, bakteria Gram-negatif

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