Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 4 (2019): 625 - 636

ADSORPTION OF MALACHITE GREEN ONTO MODIFIED CHITOSAN–SULFURIC ACID BEADS: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

(Penjerapan Malakit Hijau ke atas Manik Kitosan-Asid Sulfurik Terubahsuai: Satu Kajian Awal)

Suhaila Mohd Yusoff¹, Wan Saime Wan Ngah¹, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod², Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah¹*

¹School of Chemical Sciences,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²School of Fundamental Science,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: fsuah@usm.my

Received: 2 July 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2019

Abstract

The removal of malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions by cross–linked chitosan–sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) beads was investigated. Solubility and swelling tests were performed in order to determine the stability of the chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads in acidic solution, basic solution and distilled water. Different parameters affecting the adsorption capacity such as initial pH (pH 2-12), agitation period (10-60 minutes) and initial concentrations of MG (5-30 mg/L) were studied. In addition, the adsorption capacities of MG onto chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads were determined too. In order to describe adsorption isotherm of chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads, the sorption data were analyzed using linear form of Langmuir and Freundlich equation. It was found that Langmuir isotherm showed higher conformity than Freundlich isotherm (30.96>2.23). A kinetic study indicated that pseudo–second–order kinetic equation correlates well with the experimental data. FT–IR analysis established there was an interaction between MG and chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads. It can be concluded that chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads were favorable absorbers and could be used as alternate adsorbents for removal of MG in water treatment process.

Keywords: adsorption, chitosan–H₂SO₄ beads, isotherm, kinetics, malachite green

Abstrak

Penyingkiran malakit hijau (MG) daripada larutan akueus oleh manik kitosan-asid sulfurik (H₂SO₄) berangkai-silang telah dikaji. Ujian keterlarutan dan pengembangan dijalankan untuk menentukan kestabilan manik kitosan-H₂SO₄ di dalam larutan asid, larutan alkali dan air suling. Parameter berbeza yang mempengaruhi muatan penjerapan seperti pH awal (pH 2-12), tempoh putaran (10-60 minit) dan kepekatan awal MG (5-30 mg/L) dikaji. Sebagai tambahan, muatan penjerapan bagi MG terhadap kitosan-H₂SO₄ turut ditentukan. Bagi menentukan isoterma penjerapan manik kitosan-H₂SO₄, data penjerapan telah dianalisis menggunakan persamaan linear Langmuir dan Freundlich. Didapati isoterma Langmuir lebih sesuai berbanding isoterma Freundlich (30.96>2.23). Kajian kinetik menunjukkan persamaan tertib-pseudo-kedua berhubung baik dengan data kajian. Analisis FT-IR mengesahkan terdapat interaksi diantara MG dan manik kitosan-H₂SO₄. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa kitosan-H₂SO₄ adalah penjerap pilihan dan boleh digunakan sebagai penjerap alternatif bagi menyingkirkan MG dalam proses perawatan air.

Kata kunci: penjerapan, manik kitosan-H₂SO₄, isoterma, kinetik, malakit hijau

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