Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 23 No 4 (2019): 637 - 647

ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF EXTRACTS FROM Calophyllum ferrugineum AND Calophyllum incrassatum

(Aktiviti Antibakteria dan Antioksidan Terhadap Ekstrak daripada Calophyllum ferrugineum dan Calophyllum incrassatum)

Nurul Iman Aminudin¹*, Farediah Ahmad², Muhammad Taher³

¹Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

³Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy,

International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: nuruliman@iium.edu.my

Received: 19 August 2018; Accepted: 23 June 2019

Abstract

Calophyllum is a pan-tropical genus belongs to the Guttiferae family and locally known in Malaysia as ‘bintangor’. There has been a continual interest to further investigate the phytochemistry of Calophyllum sp because this genus is a rich source of active secondary metabolites which shows anti-HIV, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties. In this study, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of barks and leaves of C. ferrugineum and C. incrassatum were investigated. Cold extraction method employing dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol as solvent was performed. All extracts were tested for their total phenolic content and antioxidant activities by DPPH radical scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays. The methanol extract from the leaves of C. ferrugineum showed the highest TPC value at 122.08 mg GAE/g and the lowest DPPH SC₅₀ value at 11.80 µg/mL. The methanol extract from the barks of C. ferrugineum was found to have the highest FRAP value among all extracts. The antibacterial activity of all extracts was tested using minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) test against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Only the dichloromethane extract from bark of C. ferrugineum showed moderate MIC value against Gram positive bacteria, B. subtilis and S. aureus at 125 µg/mL.

Keywords: Calophyllum, C. ferrugineum, C. incrassatum, antioxidant, antibacterial

Abstrak

Calophyllum adalah genus pan-tropika di dalam keluarga Guttiferae dan dikenali secara tempatan di Malaysia sebagai ‘bintangor’. Terdapat minat berterusan untuk mengkaji lebih mendalam tentang fitokimia Calophyllum sp kerana genus ini adalah sumber yang kaya dengan metabolit sekunder aktif yang menunjukkan ciri-ciri anti-HIV, sitotoksiti dan antimikrob. Di dalam kajian ini, aktiviti antibakteria dan antioksidan kulit batang dan daun C. ferrugineum dan C. incrassatum telah dikaji. Kaedah pengekstrakan sejuk menggunakan diklorometana, etil asetat dan metanol sebagai pelarut telah dilakukan. Semua ekstrak telah diuji untuk kandungan total fenolik dan aktiviti antioksidan melalui cerakin pemerangkapan radikal DPPH dan kuasa antioksidan penurunan Ferik (FRAP). Ekstrak metanol daripada daun C. ferrugineum telah menunjukkan nilai TPC tertinggi pada 122.08 mg GAE/g dan nilai SC₅₀DPPH terendah pada 11.80 µg/mL. Ekstrak metanol daripada kulit batang C. ferrugineum telah menunjukkan nilai FRAP tertinggi antara semua ekstrak. Aktiviti antibakteria semua ekstrak telah diuji untuk kepekatan rencatan minimum (MIC) terhadap Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escheria coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Hanya ekstrak diklorometana kulit batang C. ferrugineum menunjukkan nilai MIC yang sederhana terhadap bakteria Gram positif, B. subtilis dan S. aureus pada 125 µg/mL.

Keywords: Calophyllum, C. ferrugineum, C. incrassatum, antioksidan, antibakteria

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