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Sains Malaysiana 42(10)(2013):
1365–1370
Biodegrading Ability and Enzymatic Activities of
Some White Rot Fungi on Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)
(Kebolehan Pereputan Biologi dan Aktiviti Enzim
Beberapa Kulat Reput Putih ke
Atas Kenaf
(Hibiscus cannabinus))
R. Mohamed1*, M.T. Lim1 1Department
of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia 2Department
of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti
Putra Malaysia 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
Received: 14
April 2013 /Accepted: 12 May 2013
ABSTRACT
Lignocellulosic materials
consist of lignin walls and cellulose fibrils that are bounded into lignin
matrix preventing enzymatic activities to occur efficiently. Natural
microorganisms such as fungi have the ability to break down this matrix and
make the lignocellulosic components more accessible
to enzymes. We report on the ability of four white rot fungi: Oxyporus latemarginatus, Rigidoporus vinctus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Coriolus versicolor,
to degrade kenaf biomass. Fungi were inoculated
separately onto kenaf medium and weight loss was
determined after four weeks of incubation period. We observed O. latemarginatus as the fastest-growing fungus when
compared with the rest and thus recorded the highest in biomass weight loss
(3-fold higher). Filtrates from the fermentation were assayed for ligninase activity. All species produced high levels of
lignin peroxidase (LiP), about the same amount of laccase except for P. chrysosporium and very low levels of manganase peroxidase (MnP). When analyzing for cellulase activities, all four species produced similar amounts of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase.
Because of its consistently fast growth and high enzymatic activities, O. latemarginatus stands as a superior candidate in
biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
Keywords: Basidiomycetes;
biological pretreatment; cellulose; enzyme
ABSTRAK
Bahan-bahan lignoselulosa terdiri daripada dinding lignin dan gentian halus selulosa yang disempadani lignin matriks menghalang aktiviti enzim berlaku dengan cekap. Mikroorganisma semula jadi seperti kulat mempunyai keupayaan untuk memecahkan matriks ini dan menjadikan komponen lignoselulosa lebih mudah diakses oleh enzim. Kami melaporkan keupayaan empat kulat reput putih: Oxyporus latemarginatus, Rigidoporus vinctus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium dan Coriolus versicolor untuk merendahkan biojisim kenaf. Kulat telah disuntik secara berasingan ke dalam medium kenaf dan kehilangan berat telah ditentukan selepas empat minggu tempoh pengeraman. Kami mengamati O. latemarginatus sebagai kulat yang berkembang pesat berbanding dengan kulat lain dan sekaligus mencatat penurunan berat biojisim tertinggi (3 kali ganda lebih tinggi). Hasil tapisan daripada penapaian telah dicerakinkan untuk kegiatan ligninase. Semua spesies menghasilkan peroksidase lignin (LiP) pada tahap tinggi, lakase pada jumlah yang hampir sama kecuali P. chrysosporium dan peroksidase manganase (MnP) pada tahap sangat rendah. Apabila menganalisis aktiviti selulase, kesemua empat spesies menghasilkan eksoglukanase, endoglukanase dan β-glukosidase pada jumlah yang sama. Oleh sebab pertumbuhannya yang cepat dan tekal dan aktiviti enzimnya yang tinggi, O. latemarginatusberpeluang menjadi calon terbaik dalam prarawatan biologi biojisim lignoselulosa.
Kata kunci: Basidiomycetes; enzim; prarawatan biologi; selulosa
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*Corresponding author; email: rozimohd@ upm.edu.my
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