Sains Malaysiana 48(8)(2019): 1661–1670

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4808-12

Preparation and Characterization of Hybrid Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes for the Determination of Citrinin in Rice

(Penyediaan dan Pencirian Membran Hibrid Polimer Molekul Teraan untuk Penentuan Sitrinin pada Beras)

TIEN PING LEE¹*, BAHRUDDIN SAAD², LISA NAKAJIMA³ & TAKAOMI KOBAYASHI³

¹RCSI & UCD Malaysia Campus, 4 Jalan Sepoy Lines, 10450 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

²Fundamental and Applied Science Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia

³Department of Material Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan

Received: 10 August 2018/Accepted: 7 May 2019

ABSTRACT

A new method for the determination of Citrinin (CIT) in rice samples by hybrid molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membrane prior to its quantification by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FD) is described for the first time. Conventional extraction methods, such as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE) produce large volumes of environmentally hazardous waste and the common sorbents used in SPE often suffered from low selectivity. Hybrid MIP membranes offer the advantage of combining the mechanical integrity of the support membrane and the selectivity of the imprinted polymer. These membranes offer large specific surfaces, providing relatively high imprinting sites per unit mass, and fine porous structures, resulting in accessibility of imprinting sites. Thus, MIPs for CIT with 1-naphthol as mimic template were prepared using divinylbenzene as crosslinker and naphthol methacrylate was hybridized into the polyethersulfone scaffold by phase inversion process. The prepared hybrid MIP membrane was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using the resultant hybrid MIP membranes as sample preparation for HPLC-FD of CIT, detection and quantification limits of 0.5 ng g-1 and 1.7 ng g-1, respectively, were obtained. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed in %RSD ranged from 1.9-2.9% and 2.6-5.9%, respectively. The recoveries of CIT in rice spiked at 5, 25 and 100 ng g-1 ranged from 89.7-94.2%. Thus, the hybrid MIP membranes can be valuable material for the practical determination of CIT in rice extracts.

Keywords: Citrinin; high performance liquid chromatography; hybrid molecularly imprinted membrane; rice

ABSTRAK

Kaedah baru untuk penentuan sitrinin (CIT) dalam sampel beras oleh membran hibrid polimer molekul teraan sebelum kuantifikasi oleh kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi dengan pengesanan pendarfluor dijelaskan buat kali pertama. Kaedah pengekstrakan konvensional, seperti pengekstrakan cecair-cecair (LLE) dan pengekstrakan fasa pepejal (SPE) menghasilkan sejumlah besar sisa berbahaya alam sekitar dengan penjerab biasa yang digunakan dalam SPE sering mengalami kepilihan yang rendah. Membran MIP hibrid menawarkan kelebihan menggabungkan integriti mekanikal membran sokongan dan pemilihan polimer teraan. Membran ini mempunyai permukaan khusus yang besar, menyediakan tapak teraan yang agak tinggi bagi setiap jisim unit dan struktur berliang yang halus, menyebabkan akses tapak teraan. Polimer molekul teraan (MIP) untuk CIT telah disediakan dengan 1-naftol (NA) sebagai templat tiruan. Seterusnya, membran hibrid polimer molekul teraan telah disediakan dengan memerangkap zarah MIP ke dalam perancah polietersulfon dengan menggunakan teknik fasa penyongsangan. Membran tersebut telah dicirikan dengan menggunakan transformasi Fourier spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) dan mikroskopi pengimbasan elektron (SEM). Dengan menggunakan hibrid membran sebagai penyediaan sampel bagi analisis HPLC-FD untuk CIT, had pengesanan dan penentuan 0.5 ng g-1 dan 1.7 ng g-1 telah tercapai. Ketepatan intra-hari dan antara hari yang dinyatakan dalam % RSD masing-masing adalah antara 1.9-2.9% dan 2.6-5.9%. Perolehan semula CIT yang dipaku ke dalam beras pada 5, 25 dan 100 ng g-1 adalah 89.7-94.2%. Oleh itu, membran hibrid MIP adalah bahan bernilai bagi penentuan praktikal CIT dalam ekstrak beras.

Kata kunci: Beras; kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi; membran hibrid polimer molekul teraan; sitrinin

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*Corresponding author; email: leetienping@rsciucd.edu.my