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Is
the High Cu Tolerance of Trichoderma atroviride Isolated from the
Cu-Polluted Sediment Due to Adaptation? An In Vitro Toxicological Study
(Adakah Ketahanan Trichoderma
atroviride yang Diasingkan daripada Sedimen Tercemar Cu
disebabkan oleh
Adaptasi? Satu Kajian Toksikologi In Vitro)
C.K.
Yap*, M. Yazdani & F. Abdullah
Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science
Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
S.G.
Tan
Department
of Cell and Molecular Biology
Faculty
of Biotechnology and Bimolecular Sciences
Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia
Diserahakan:
5 Mac 2009 / Diserahkan: 9 Julai 2010
ABSTRACT
The tolerance of Cu by Trichoderma
atroviride, a tolerant fungus isolated from the drainage surface sediment of
the Serdang Industrial Area was investigated under in vitro conditions.
Only this fungus species can tolerate up to 600 mg/L of Cu on solid medium
Potato Dextrose Agar based on the isolation of the most tolerant fungus from
the polluted sediment. Toxicity test performed on T. atroviride, showed
a maximum tolerance at 300 mg/L of Cu concentration when grown in liquid medium
Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The EC50 value
of the isolate was 287.73 mg/L of Cu concentration in PDB.
The Cu concentration in the drainage surface sediment, where the T.
atroviride was isolated from, was 347.64 μg/g while the geochemical
distributions of the non-resistant and resistant fractions of Cu were 99.6 and
0.4%, respectively. The sediment data indicated that the drainage had greatly
received anthropogenic Cu from the nearby industries which are involved in the
manufacturing of plastics and electronic products. The present findings
indicate that the high Cu tolerance showed by T. atroviride could be due
to the well adaptation of the fungus to the Cu polluted sediment. Therefore, T.
atroviride could be a potential bioremediator of Cu pollution in the
freshwater ecosystem.
Keywords: EC50;
geochemical distributions of Cu; toxicity test; Trichoderma
atroviride
ABSTRAK
Ketahanan Trichoderma
atroviride, sejenis kulat toleran yang telah diasingkan dari permukaan
sedimen longkang kawasan perindustrian Serdang, telah dikaji di bawah keadaan in
vitro. Hanya kulat spesies ini sahaja yang boleh bertahan hingga kepekatan
Cu 600 mg/L pada medium pepejal ‘Potato Dextrose Agar’ berdasarkan kepada
pengasingan kulat yang paling tahan dalam sedimen tercemar. Melalui ujian
ketoksikan dengan menggunakan T. atroviride, didapati bahawa ketahanan
maksimum spesies ini dalam cecair medium ‘Potato Dextrose Broth’(PDB)
adalah pada kepekatan Cu 300 mg/L. Nilai pengasingan EC50 bagi
kepekatan Cu dalam PDB ialah 287.73 mg/L. Kepekatan Cu
dalam sedimen permukaan longkang, di mana T. atroviride telah
diasingkan, ialah 347.64 μg/g manakala taburan bahagian-bahagian geokimia
tak rintang dan rintang Cu masing-masing ialah 99.6 dan 0.4%. Data Cu dalam
sedimen menunjukkan bahawa longkang tersebut telah menerima Cu antropogenik
dari kawasan-kawasan perindustrian seperti plastik dan produk elektronik.
Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa ketahanan T. atroviride terhadap Cu yang
tinggi mungkin disebabkan oleh adaptasi kulat tersebut terhadap sedimen yang
tercemar dengan Cu. Oleh itu, T. atroviride adalah berpotensi sebagai
‘bioremediator’ bagi pencemaran Cu dalam ekosistem air tawar.
Kata kunci: Cu, EC50; taburan geokimia; Trichoderma
atroviride; ujian ketoksikan
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: yapckong@hotmail.com
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