Sains Malaysiana 43(1)(2014): 21–29
Effects of Meteorological Conditions on the Occurrence of Cochlodinium
polykrikoides and Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum in
Coastal Waters of Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
(Kesan Keadaan Meteorologi ke Atas Kemunculan Cochlodinium
polykrikoides dan Pyrodinium
bahamense var. compressum di Perairan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia)
NORMAWATY MOHAMMAD-NOOR1*, ENCIK WELIYADI3, THAN
AUNG4,
AIMIMULIANI ADAM2& DAYANG
SITI
MARYAM
HANAN4
1Institute of Oceanography and Maritime Studies (INOCEM), International
Islamic University Malaysia
Kg. Cherok Paloh, 26160 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
2Kulliyyah
of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia
Jalan
Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang,
Malaysia
3Faculty
of Fisheries and Marine Science, Borneo University of Tarakan, Amallama
Street
No.1
East Borneo Province, Indonesia
4Borneo
Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS,
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
14 November 2012/Diterima: 9 April 2013
ABSTRACT
In the Kota Kinabalu coastal area, the episodic occurrences of
harmful algal bloom (HAB) species had been reported more than a
decade ago. But, the time of the occurrence and factors contributing to the
occurrence are still inadequately understood. To fill the gap, a study using 4
years field data from 2007 to 2010 was conducted. Cell densities of two HAB species,
physicochemical parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved
oxygen together with rainfall data, wind data and general influence of ENSO episodes
were taken into account to identify the most probable factors that trigger the
occurrence of HAB species in the Kota Kinabalu coastal waters. From the analysis, C. polykrikoides blooms after 1 to 2 days of
rain and significantly high nutrient concentrations were recorded during the
blooms. Other physicochemical parameters were almost the same during the bloom
and non-bloom events. Climate phenomena like ENSO (El Niño Southern
Oscillation) affected the occurrence of P. bahamense var. compressum and C.
polykrikoides. P.bahamense var. compressum occurred during El Niño
due to high salinity and no blooms were recorded during La Niña. This indicates
that unusual climate condition suppressed the bloom formation. The results
gained from this study provide important information in managing HAB species
particularly in the Kota Kinabalu coastal area.
Keywords: Algal blooms; El Niño phenomena; meteorological data;
paralytic shellfish poisoning; Sabah
ABSTRAK
Di Kota Kinabalu, kehadiran kembangan alga bahaya telah direkodkan
seabad yang lalu. Malangnya masa kemunculan dan faktor yang mempengaruhi
kemunculannya masih kurang difahami. Untuk memahami masalah ini,
kajian menggunakan data 4 tahun iaitu dari 2007 sehingga 2010 telah
dijalankan. Kelimpahan sel dua alga bahaya, parameter fiziko-kimia
seperti suhu, angin serta keberkesanan ENSO telah diambil kira untuk mengenal pasti
faktor penyumbang kepada kemunculan alga bahaya di perairan Kota
Kinabalu. Daripada analisis, didapati C. polykrikoides hadir dengan banyaknya
1 hingga 2 hari selepas hujan dan dalam masa yang sama kandungan
nutrien yang tinggi telah direkodkan. Bacaan parameter fiziko-kimia
yang lain adalah lebih kurang sama semasa ledakan dan tiada ledakan
kecuali kehadiran cahaya matahari. Cuaca yang tidak menentu mempengaruhi
kehadiran C. polykrikoides dan P. bahamense var. compressum.
P. bahamense var. compressum hadir semasa El- Niño
kerana kemasinan yang tinggi dan tidak muncul semasa La Nina. Ini
menunjukkan cuaca yang tidak menentu menyebabkan ledakan tidak terjadi.
Keputusan daripada kajian ini menyumbang kepada maklumat penting
di dalam menguruskan kembangan alga bahaya terutamanya di perairan
Kota Kinabalu.
Kata kunci: Data
meteorologi; fenomena El Niño; keracunan kerang-kerangan melumpuhkan; ledakan
alga bahaya; Sabah
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*Corresponding
author; email: normahwaty@iium.edu.my
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