Sains Malaysiana 44(1)(2015):
115–120
A Simple and Effective Isocratic HPLC Method for Fast
Identification and
Quantification of Surfactin
(Kaedah Isokratik HPLC Ringkas dan Berkesan
bagi Pengenalpastian dan Kuantifikasi Surfaktin dengan Cepat)
MUHAMMAD QADRI EFFENDY MUBARAK1, ABDUL RAHMAN HASSAN1, AIDIL ABDUL HAMID2, SAHAID KHALIL3 & MOHD HAFEZ MOHD ISA1*
1Faculty of Science
and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai,
71800
Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
2School of Bioscience
and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul
Ehsan, Malaysia
3Faculty of
Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 12 Disember 2013/Diterima: 10 Jun 2014
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to establish a simple, accurate and
reproducible method for the identification and quantification of surfactin
using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Previously
reported method of identification and quantification of surfactin were time
consuming and requires a large quantity of mobile phase. The new method was
achieved by application of Chromolith® high performance RP-18 (100 × 4.6
mm, 5 μm) as the stationary phase and optimization of mobile phase ratio
and flow rate. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (ACN) and 3.8 mM
trifluroacetic acid (TFA) solution of 80:20 ratio at flow rate of
2.2 mL/min was obtained as the optimal conditions. Total elution time of the
obtained surfactin peaks was four times quicker than various methods previously
reported in the literature. The method described here allowed for fine
separation of surfactin in standard sample (98% purity) and surfactin in
fermentation broth.
Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); isocratic; mobile
phase; stationary phase; surfactin
ABSTRAK
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menyediakan satu kaedah yang mudah,
tepat dan boleh diulang untuk mengenal pasti dan mengkuantifikasi surfaktin
menggunakan kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC). Sebelum ini
dilaporkan kaedah kenal pasti dan kuantifikasi surfaktin memerlukan masa yang
panjang dan amaun fasa bergerak yang banyak. Kaedah baru telah diperoleh dengan
menggunakan kolum Chromolith® high performance RP-18 (100 × 4.6
mm, 5 μm) sebagai fasa pegun dan pengoptimuman nisbah dan kadar aliran
fasa bergerak. Fasa bergerak terdiri daripada cecair asetonitril (ACN)
dan 3.8 mM asid trifluroacetic (TFA) dengan nisbah 80:20 pada kadar aliran 2.2
mL/min sebagai kadar optimum. Masa analisis yang diperoleh adalah empat kali
lebih pantas daripada kaedah yang dilaporkan sebelum ini. Kaedah yang diguna
pakai di sini dapat memisahkan piawai surfaktin (98% ketulenan) dan surfaktin
dalam sampel fermentasi dengan baik.
Kata kunci: Fasa bergerak; fasa pegun;
isokratik; kromatografi cecair prestasi tinggi (HPLC); surfaktin
RUJUKAN
Al-Araji, L., Rahman, R.N.Z.R.A., Basri, M. & Salleh,
A.B. 2007. Microbial surfactant. Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology
and Biotechnology 15: 99-105.
Banat, I.M., Makkar, R.S. & Cameotra, S.S. 2000.
Potential commercial applications of microbial surfactants. Applied
Microbiology and Biotechnology 53: 495-508.
Chen, C.Y., Bake, S.C. & Darton, R.C. 2007. The
application of a high throughput analysis method for the screening of potential
biosurfactant from natural sources. Journal of Microbiological Methods 70:
503-510.
Cooper, D.G., Macdonald, C.R., Duff, S.J.B. & Kosaric,
N. 1981. Enhance production of surfactin from Bacillus Subtilis by
continuous product removal and metal cation additions. Journal of Applied
and Environmental Microbiology 42: 408-412.
Davies, D.A., Lynch, H.C. & Varley, J. 2001. The
application of foaming for the recovery of surfactin from B. subtilis ATCC
21332 cultures. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 28: 346- 354.
Fernandes, P.A.V., de Aruda, I.R., dos Santos, A.F.A.B., de
Araujo, A.A., Maiour, A.M.S. & Ximenes, E.A. 2007. Antimicrobial activity
of surfactants produced by Bacillus subtilis R14 against multidrug
bacteria. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38: 704-709.
Fonseca, R.R., Silva, A.J.R., De Franca, F.P., Cardoso, V.L.
& Servulo, E.F.C. 2007. Optimzing carbon/nitrogen ratio for biosurfactant
production by a Bacillus subtilis strain. Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology 471: 137-140.
Georgiou, G., Lin, S.C. & Sharma, M.M. 1992.
Surface-active compounds from microorganisms. Biotechnology 10: 60-65.
Heinemann, C., Hylckama, V., van Johan, E.T., Janssen, D.B.,
Busscher, H.J., van der Mei, H.C. & Reid, G. 2000. Purification and
characterization of a surface-binding protein from Lactobacillus fermentum RC-14
that inhibits adhesion of Enterococcus faecalis 1131. FEMS Microbiology
Letters 190: 177-180.
Hosono, K. & Suzuki, H. 1983. Acylpeptides, the
inhibitors of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′ monophosphate
phosphodiesterase I. Purification, physicochemical properties and structures of
fatty acid residues. Journal of Antibiotics 36: 667-673.
Hsieh, F.C., Li, M.C., Lin, R.C. & Kao, S.S. 2004. Rapid
detection and characterization of surfactin-producing Bacillus subtilis and
closely related species based on PCR. Current Microbiology 49: 186-191.
Isa, M.H.M., Coraglia, D.E., Frazier, R.A. & Jauregi, P.
2007. Recovery and purification of from fermentation broth by a two-step
ultrafiltration process. Journal of Membrane Science 296: 51-57.
Joshi, S., Bharucha, C. & Desai, A.J. 2008. Production
of biosurfactant and antifungal compound by fermented food isolate Bacillus
subtilis 20B. Bioresource Technology 99: 4603-4608.
Li, D., Martini, N., Wu, Z. & Wen, J. 2012. Development
of an isocratic HPLC method for catechin quantification and its application to
formulation studies. Fitoterapia 83: 1267-1274.
Lin, S.C., Chen, Y.C. & Lin, Y.M. 1998. Genereal
approach for the development of high-performance liquid chromatography methods
for biosurfactant analysis and purification. Journal of Chromatogram A. 825:
149-159.
Mulligan, C.N. 2005. Environmental applications for
biosurfactants. Environment and Pollution 133: 183-198.
Oka, K., Hirano, T., Homma, M., Ishii, H., Murakami, K.,
Mogami, S., Motizuki, A., Morita, H., Takeya, K. & Itokawa, H. 1993.
Satisfactory separatin and MS-MS spectrometry of six surfactin isolated from Bacillus
subtilis natto. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 41: 1000-1002.
Peypoux, F., Bonmatin, J.M., Labb, H., Das, B.C., Ptak, M.
& Michel, G. 1991. Isolation and characterization of a new variant of
surfactin, the [Val7] surfactin. European Journal of Biochemistry 202:
101-106.
Pursell, M.R., Mendes-Tatsis, M.A. & Stuckey, D.C. 2004.
Effect of fermentation broth and biosurfactants on mass transfer during
liquid-liquid extraction. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 85: 155-165.
Singh, P. & Cameotra, S.S. 2004. Potential applications
of microbial surfactants in biomedical sciences. Trends in Biotechnology 22:
142-146.
Wei, Y.H. & Chi, M. 2002. Mn2+ improves surfactin
production by Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Biotechnology Letters 24:
479-482.
Wei, Y.H., Lai, C.C. & Chang, J.S. 2007. Using Taguchi
experimental design methods to optimize trace element composition for enhanced
surfactin production by Bacillus subtilis ATCC 21332. Process
Biochemistry 42: 40-45.
*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: m.hafez@usim.edu.my
|