Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 865–877
Effects
of Environmental Conditions and Nutrients on the Occurrence and Distribution of
Potentially Harmful Phytoplankton in Mesotrophic Water
(Kesan Keadaan
Alam Sekitar dan Nutrien ke atas Kewujudan dan Pengagihan Fitoplankton
Berpotensi Berbahaya di dalam Air Mesotrofik)
TAN KAR SOON
& JULIAN RANSANGAN*
Microbiology and Fish Disease Laboratory, Borneo Marine
Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu,
Sabah, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
3 Ogos 2015/Diterima: 10 Januari 2016
ABSTRACT
Marudu Bay, north coast of Sabah is characterized with mesotrophic
water body and typical environmental parameters throughout the year.
The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of environmental
parameters and nutrients in mesotrophic water on the occurrence
and distribution of potentially harmful phytoplankton species. The
samplings were conducted over a period of thirteen months, covering
southwest monsoon (SWM),
inter-monsoon (IM), and northeast monsoon (NEM),
at ten stations throughout the bay. Physical parameters (temperature,
salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, current speed and secchi depth),
biological parameters (cell densities of phytoplankton) and chemical
parameters (phosphate, nitrate, silicate and ammonia) were examined.
The results indicated at least eight potentially harmful phytoplankton
species (Dinophysis caudata, D. miles, Ceratium furca, C. fursus, Prorocentrum
micans, P. sigmoides, P. triestinum and Pseudo-nitzschia
sp.) were detected in north coast of Sabah. However, the potentially
harmful phytoplankton species contributed only about 1.3% of the
total phytoplankton community. Under nutrient deprivation conditions,
the potentially harmful phytoplankton species distribution was mainly
influenced by the ability to utilize other nitrogen sources, cell
mobility and toleration to low nutrients environments.
Keywords: Environmental parameters; nutrients; potentially harmful
phytoplankton species; species composition
ABSTRAK
Teluk Marudu, pantai utara Sabah dicirikan dengan air mesotrofik
dan parameter alam sekitar khas sepanjang tahun. Kajian
ini telah dijalankan untuk menilai kesan parameter alam sekitar
dan nutrien dalam air mesotrofik dan taburan spesies fitoplankton
yang berbahaya. Sampel telah dijalankan dalam tempoh tiga belas bulan, yang meliputi
monsun barat daya (SWM), peralihan monsun (IM)
dan monsun timur laut (MEB) pada sepuluh stesen di seluruh teluk.
Parameter fizikal (suhu, kemasinan, pH, oksigen
terlarut, kelajuan semasa dan kedalaman secchi), parameter biologi
(kepadatan sel fitoplankton) dan parameter kimia (fosfat, nitrat,
silikat dan ammonia) telah diperiksa. Hasil kajian telah
menunjukkan sekurang-kurangnya lapan spesies fitoplankton yang mungkin
berbahaya (Dinophysis caudata, D. miles, Ceratium furca, C. fursus, Prorocentrum
micans, P. sigmoides, P. triestinum dan Pseudo-nitzschia
sp.) dikesan di pantai utara Sabah. Walau
bagaimanapun, spesies fitoplankton yang berbahaya hanya menyumbang
kira-kira 1.3% daripada jumlah komuniti fitoplankton. Dalam
keadaan kekurangan nutrien, pengedaran spesies fitoplankton berbahaya
terutamanya dipengaruhi oleh keupayaan untuk menggunakan sumber
nitrogen lain, pergerakan sel dan toleransi nutrien persekitaran
rendah.
Kata kunci: Komposisi spesies; nutrien;
parameter alam sekitar; spesies fitoplankton berbahaya
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*Pengarang untuk suratp-menyurat;
email: liandra@ums.edu.my
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