Sains Malaysiana 45(7)(2016): 1035–1040
Antioxidative
Responses of Cocos nucifera against Infestation by the Red Palm Weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, a New Invasive Coconut Pest in Malaysia
(Tindak
Balas Antioksida oleh Cocos nucifera terhadap Serangan Kumbang
Merah Palma (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus,
Serangga Perosak Invasif Baharu Pokok Kelapa di Malaysia)
NORHAYATI, Y.*, WAHIZATUL AFZAN, A., SITI NOOR JANNAH, S.
& NURUL WAHIDAH, M.R.
School of Fundamental Science, Faculty of Marine and Environmental
Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terenganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 2 Julai 2014/Diterima: 30 Januari 2016
ABSTRACT
Interaction between the Red Palm Weevil (RPW)
and coconuts will stimulate the plants’ early response by producing the
reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes lipid peroxidation
and membrane damage of the host plants. Thus, a multiple defense lines,
including both scavenging enzymes and molecular antioxidants have been evolved
to promptly inactivate these radicals. This study investigated the responses of
catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and carotenoids contents of three coconut cultivars which were PANDAN, MAWA and MATAG against the RPW infestation. The infested PANDAN and MAWA exhibited higher CAT, POD and APX specific activities of 2.60
± 0.11, 5.0 ± 0.72 and 1.58 ± 0.20 units/mg protein for PANDAN whereas 1.13 ± 0.04, 39.38
± 2.29 and 1.15 ± 0.16 units/mg, protein for MAWA) compared with controls. However, MATAG cultivar showed no
significant difference (p<0.05)
in the production of both enzymes except for POD specific activities. RPW infestations only
managed to trigger the α-tocopherol concentrations in the MAWA cultivar compared with the others. Infested MAWA and MATAG increased the ascorbic acid
concentrations, however, a contrast results was observed in infested PANDAN. All coconut cultivars
exhibited higher carotenoids content (2771.20 ± 263.90, 3043.20 ± 526.35 and
921.20 ± 281.10 μg/g.fwt of PANDAN, MAWA and MATAG, respectively) compared with their respective
controls (455.20 ± 135.10, 1408.40 ± 103.02 and 248.80 ± 110.39 μg/g.fwt).
The above results indicated that the oxidative stress induced by the RPW
infestation would stimulate the activities of enzymes and molecular
antioxidants studied especially in infested MAWA.
Thus, it may be suggested that MAWA cultivar was more
tolerance towards RPW infestation compared to MATAG and PANDAN. It is hoped that this finding
will provide clues on how plant respond toward stress during infestation, thus
further action can be activated as soon as possible to control the spread of R. ferrugineus.
Keywords: Antioxidants; coconut; enzymatic antioxidants;
non-enzymatic; oxidative stress; red palm weevil
ABSTRAK
Interaksi antara Kumbang Merah Palma (RPW)
dan pokok kelapa akan mencetuskan tindak balas awal
tumbuhan dengan menghasilkan spesies oksigen reaktif (ROS)
yang menyebabkan peroksidasi lipid dan kerosakan kepada membran pokok perumah. Sistem pertahanan tumbuhan antaranya enzim dan juga antioksidan
telah bertindak balas untuk menyahaktifkan radikal ini. Kajian ini bertujuan mengkaji tindakbalas katalase, (CAT),
peroksida (POD), askorbat peroksida (APX),
α-tokoferol, asid askorbik dan kandungan karotenoid tiga kultivar kelapa (PANDAN, MAWA dan MATAG) terhadap serangan RPW. Pokok PANDAN dan MAWA yang diserang menunjukkan
aktiviti spesifik enzim CAT, APX dan POD yang lebih tinggi iaitu 2.60 ± 0.11, 5.0 ± 0.72 dan 1.58 ± 0.20
unit/mg protein untuk PANDAN manakala 1.13 ± 0.04, 39.38 ±
2.29 dan 1.15 ± 0.16 unit/mg protein untuk MAWA berbanding
dengan kawalan. Walau bagaimanapun, tiada perbezaan bererti (p<0.05) dalam penghasilan kedua-dua jenis
enzim kecuali untuk aktiviti spesifik POD dalam kultivar MATAG.
Serangan KPM hanya boleh mencetuskan kepekatan α-tokoferol di
dalam kultivar MAWA berbanding dengan kultivar lain. Kandungan asid askorbik dalam kultivar MAWA dan MATAG yang diserang meningkat, walau bagaimanapun, keputusan yang
sebaliknya didapati untuk kultivar PANDAN. Semua kultivar
pokok kelapa yang telah diserang juga mengandungi kepekatan karotenoid yang
lebih tinggi (2771.20 ± 263.90, 3043.20 ± 526.35 dan 921.20 ± 281.10
μg/g.fwt, masing-masing untuk PANDAN, MAWA dan MATAG)
berbanding dengan kawalan (455.20 ± 135.10, 1408.40 ± 103.02 dan 248.80 ±
110.39 μg/g.fwt). Keputusan ini menunjukkan tegasan
oksidatif yang terhasil daripada serangan KPM mencetuskan
aktiviti enzim dan kandungan molekul antioksidan yang dikaji terutamanya dalam
kultivar MAWA. Oleh itu, adalah
dicadangkan bahawa kultivar MAWA adalah lebih rintang
terhadap serangan RPW berbanding dengan kultivar MATAG dan PANDAN. Adalah
diharapkan agar hasil kajian ini boleh memberikan gambaran bagaimana tindak
balas tumbuhan terhadap serangan RPW, supaya tindakan seterusnya
boleh diaktifkan sebaik-baik sahaja serangan berlaku untuk mengawal penyebaran R. ferrugineus.
Kata kunci: Antioksida;
antioksida enzim; bukan-enzim; kelapa; kumbang merah palma;
tegasan oksidatif
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: yatiyusuf@umt.edu.my
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