Sains Malaysiana 45(7)(2016): 1139–1147
Occupational Risk Assessment: Review of
Wooden Scaffold Board Application in Malaysian Oil and Gas Industry
(Kajian Risiko Pekerjaan: Penilaian terhadap Aplikasi Papan Perancah Kayu dalam
Industri Minyak
dan Gas di Malaysia)
MOHD JAMIL
ABDUL
WAHAB*,
NOOR
AZRIEDA
ABD RASHID, SALMIAH UJANG
& LIM
SENG
CHOON
Forest Research
Institute Malaysia, 52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 1 September 2015/Diterima:
12 Februari 2016
ABSTRACT
Timber scaffold boards have
been widely utilised in the offshore construction
industry. However, technical specifications and inspection procedure
for the application of scaffold boards from a wood material were
inadequate. In the development of the standard requirements, evaluation
of actual engineering practices could indicate the level of workplace
safety. A study was conducted to identify risk and safety measures
concerning the use of timber scaffold boards in construction. This
article discusses on the occupational risks and ergonomics issues
of the scaffolding application based on the physical and mechanical
conditions of tropical timber scaffold boards extracted from offshore
oil and gas rigs. The boards were exposed to a seasonal climate
of East Coast monsoon of South China Sea between November and February.
The scaffolding application extended up to 20 m directly above the
ocean surface and some boards were completely immersed below the
ocean surface particularly during elevated tidal waves. Some of
the boards were installed as the on-deck platforms. Forty scaffold
boards fabricated from tropical timber species were evaluated. Physical
characteristics of the boards were described by natural and man-made
factors. A three-point bending test was conducted to determine the
maximum load capacity of each board and the mode of fracture was
evaluated. Timber identification test was conducted to identify
the groups of the timber being used. The microscopic observation
confirmed the presence of hyphae which indicated the biological
deterioration has happened in some of the boards. Occupational risks
were summarised based on the results of
the physical and mechanical assessments.
Keywords: Marine construction;
safety; timber properties
ABSTRAK
Papan perancah kayu
telah digunakan
secara meluas di dalam industri pembinaan luar pantai. Walau bagaimanapun,
spesifikasi teknikal
dan prosedur pemeriksaan
untuk aplikasi
papan perancah daripada bahan berasaskan kayu adalah tidak lengkap.
Dalam
usaha membangunkan piawaian tersebut, penilaian terhadap amalan sebenar kejuruteraan boleh memberikan gambaran tentang tahap keselamatan
di tempat kerja.
Satu kajian telah dijalankan
untuk mengenal
pasti bahaya dan
langkah-langkah keselamatan
berkenaan penggunaan
papan perancah kayu di dalam pembinaan.
Artikel
ini membincangkan risiko kerja dan
isu ergonomik
aplikasi perancah berdasarkan keadaan fizikal dan mekanik
sampel papan
kayu tropika yang diambil dari pelantar
minyak dan gas
luar pantai. Sampel papan tersebut terdedah kepada pertukaran cuaca dan musim tengkujuh
di Pantai Timur
antara bulan November hingga Februari. Aplikasi perancah menjangkau ketinggian 20 m di atas permukaan laut dan sebahagian papan ditenggelami air terutama ketika air pasang. Sebahagian papan telah digunakan sebagai platform atas pelantar. Empat puluh sampel papan
daripada pelbagai
spesies kayu tropika
telah dikaji.
Ciri fizikal papan dikategorikan
sebagai faktor
semula jadi dan
buatan. Ujian lenturan ‘three point’ telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kapasiti beban maksimum setiap sampel dan jenis
kegagalan yang berlaku
dianalisis. Ujian identifikasi telah
dijalankan untuk
menentukan jenis kumpulan kayu yang digunakan. Pemerhatian mikroskopik mengesahkan
kehadiran hyphae yang menunjukkan
bahawa pereputan
biologi telah berlaku
pada sebahagian
papan. Risiko kerja telah dirumuskan berdasarkan hasil ujian fizikal
dan mekanik
tersebut.
Kata kunci: Keselamatan;
pembinaan luar
pantai; sifat kayu
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohdjamil@frim.gov.my
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