Sains Malaysiana 46(4)(2017): 655–665

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4604-19

 

Synthesis of Silica-supported Nanoiron for Cr(VI) Removal: Application of Box-Behnken Statistical Design (BBD)

(Sintesis Besi Nano Disokong Silika untuk Penyingkiran Cr(VI): Aplikasi Reka Bentuk Statistik Box-Behnken (BBD))

 

 

PRAEWPATRA ARCHARIYAPANYAKUL1, BHUCKCHANYA PANGKUMHANG2,

PUMMARIN KHAMDAHSAG3,4,5 & VISANU TANBOONCHUY2,5,6*

 

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Thammasat University, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

 

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand

 

3Environmental Research Institute, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management

Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

 

4Research Unit of Site Remediation on Metals Management from Industry and Mining, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330

Thailand

 

5Research Program of Toxic Substance Management in Mining Industry, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

 

6Research Center for Environmental and Hazardous Substance Management (EHSM)

Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

 

Diserahkan: 25 April 2016/Diterima: 7 September 2016

 

 

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to optimize the condition of silica-supported nanoscale zero valent iron (NZVI/SiO2) synthesis by colloidal impregnation method. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used as a tool to create and analyze the 17 synthesized conditions of NZVI/SiO2 samples. The independent variables included ethanol concentration (0-100 vol%), amount of silica (0.025-0.125 g) and agitation speed (100-400 rpm). In addition, analysis of variance (ANOVA) for a response surface quadratic model was used to approximate statistical relationship of independent variables. The reducing performance of the synthesized NZVI/SiO2 was examined through removal of Cr(VI) contaminated in water. The optimum of NZVI/SiO2 synthesis was validated with 100 vol% of ethanol concentration, 0.075 g of silica amount, and 100 rpm of agitation speed. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption which showed the existence of NZVI phase, composition, and morphology. The Cr(VI) removal efficiency of the NZVI/SiO2 was tested further at the solution pH 4, 7 and 10 in comparison with that by pristine NZVI and silica-unsupported NZVI (NZVI + SiO2). Among the three materials, NZVI/SiO2 presented the highest Cr(VI) removal, especially at pH 7 and 10 with 98 and 94.41%, within 60 min. This was due to the adsorption of Cr(OH)3 and Fe(OH)3 precipitates over SiO2 resulting in availibilty of NZVI/SiO2’s active sites. The proposed mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by NZVI/SiO2 was also described.

 

Keywords: Box-Behnken design; chromium; NZVI; silica-supported nanoiron

 

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimumkan keadaan sintesis besi skala nano disokong silika bervalensi sifar (NZVI/SiO2) melalui kaedah pemadatan koloid. Reka bentuk Box-Behnken (BBD) telah digunakan sebagai alat untuk mencipta dan menganalisis sampel 17 keadaan sintesis NZVI/SiO2. Pemboleh ubah bebas termasuk kepekatan etanol (0-100 vol%), silika (0.025-0.125 g) dan kelajuan goncangan (100-400 rpm). Selain itu, analisis varians (ANOVA) untuk model quadratik tindak balas permukaan telah digunakan untuk menganggar hubungan statistik pemboleh ubah bebas. Pengurangan prestasi sintesis NZVI/SiO2 telah disemak melalui penyingkiran Cr(VI) tercemar dalam air. Sintesis NZVI/SiO2 optimum telah disahkan dengan 100 vol% kepekatan etanol, 0.075 g silika dan 100 rpm kelajuan goncangan. Bahan ini telah dicirikan menggunakan pembelauan sinar-x (XRD), mikroskop elektron imbasan dengan spektroskopi tenaga serakan sinar-x (SEM-EDX) dan nitrogen penjerapan/penyahjerapan yang menunjukkan kewujudan fasa NZVI, komposisi dan morfologi. Kecekapan penyingkiran Cr(VI) NZVI/SiO2 telah diuji selanjutnya pada larutan pH 4, 7 dan 10 berbanding dengan NZVI asli dan NZVI tidak disokong silika (NZVI/SiO2). Antara ketiga-tiga bahan, NZVI/SiO2 menunjukkan penyingkiran Cr(VI) tertinggi, terutamanya pada pH 7 dan 10 dengan 98 dan 94.41% dalam masa 60 minit. Ini disebabkan penjerapan Cr(OH)3 dan mendakan Fe(OH)3 ke atas SiO2 yang mengakibatkan ketersediaan tapak aktif NZVI/SiO2. Mekanisme cadangan penyingkiran Cr(VI) oleh NZVI/SiO2 turut dibincangkan.

 

Kata kunci: Besi nano disokong silika; kromium; NZVI; reka bentuk Box-Behnken

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: visanu@kku.ac.th

 

 

 

 

 

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