Sains Malaysiana 47(2)(2018):
227-233
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4702-03
Vegetative
and Reproductive Growth Behaviour of Xanthostemon
chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. - An
Ornamental Tree in Malaysia
(Kelakuan
Pertumbuhan Vegetatif dan Reproduktif Xanthostemon
chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. - Pokok Hiasan di Malaysia)
Ahmad
Nazarudin, M.R.1* & Tsan, F.Y.2
1Forestry
and Environment Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)
52109 Kepong, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Faculty
of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 11 Oktober 2016/Diterima: 11 Ogos 2017
ABSTRACT
A study was
conducted to investigate the duration of growth stages and flowering behaviour
of a landscape tree, Xanthostemon
chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth. This species
is known as golden penda and locally known as jambu kuning. It is widely planted for urban beautification due to its distinctive
coloured flowers. Under local
climate condition, this species flowers throughout the year. However, the flowering
of this species has not been studied extensively. In the present study, the
growth of selected trees aged approximately six years after planting was
monitored for a year. The growth duration was determined using the extended Biologishe Bundesanstalt,
Bundessortenamt and Chemical
Industry (BBCH) scale. Percentages of flower and fruit and new
leaf abundances were expressed as estimated percentage of each stage as
compared to total surface area of the tree crown. The vegetative and
reproductive stages of the species required 198 and 176 days, respectively. The
flowering period took about 40 days from inflorescence bud swelling to drying
and senescence of stamens and petals. Unsynchronized flowering was observed
among the trees. The occurrence of flowers was also influenced by the
development of new leaves or fruits. The information on the duration of each
growth stage and the flowering behaviour of the species may enhance a more
detailed study related to flowering of urban trees in Malaysia.
Keywords:
Flowering behaviour; growth
stages; ornamental tree; urban landscape; Xanthostemon chrysanthus
ABSTRAK
Satu kajian telah
dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti jangka masa peringkat pertumbuhan
dan kelakuan
pembungaan pokok landskap, Xanthostemon
chrysanthus (F. Muell.)
Benth. Pokok ini juga dipanggil sebagai 'golden penda' dan dikenali masyarakat
tempatan sebagai jambu kuning. Ia banyak
ditanam untuk mengindahkan kawasan bandar kerana warna bunganya
yang cantik. Di bawah keadaan iklim
tempatan, pokok ini berbunga sepanjang tahun. Walau bagaimanapun, pembungaannya
tidak pernah dikaji secara terperinci. Dalam
kajian ini, pertumbuhan
pokok terpilih yang berusia lebih kurang enam tahun selepas ditanam
telah dipantau selama setahun. Jangka masa pertumbuhannya ditentukan
dengan menggunakan skala 'Biologishe Bundesanstalt,
Bundessortenamt and Chemical
Industry' (BBCH). Peratus kelimpahan
bunga, buah dan daun baharu dianggarkan dengan membandingkan jumlah
setiap peringkat pertumbuhan tersebut dengan keseluruhan permukaan
silara pokok. Peringkat vegetatif dan reproduktif spesies ini masing-masing mengambil
masa sehingga 198 dan 176 hari. Jangka
masa pembungaan pula ialah 40 hari dari putik bunga berkembang
hingga kepada stamen dan kelopak bunga kering dan seterusnya mengalami
penuaan. Pembungaan berlaku secara tidak serentak di antara pokok-pokok yang
dipantau. Kewujudan bunga turut dipengaruhi
oleh pertumbuhan dedaun baharu atau buah. Jangka
masa setiap peringkat pertumbuhan yang direkodkan dan kelakuan
pembungaan spesies ini boleh menggalakkan kajian yang lebih mendalam
terhadap pembungaan pokok-pokok bandaran di Malaysia.
Kata kunci: Kelakuan pembungaan; landskap
bandar; peringkat pertumbuhan; pokok hiasan; Xanthostemon chrysanthus
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: nazarudin@frim.gov.my