Sains Malaysiana 51(12)(2022): 3949-3966

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5112-07

 

A Quinoline-Based Fluorescent Labelling for Zinc Detection and DFT Calculations

(Pelabelan Pendarfluor Berasaskan Kuinolina untuk Pengesanan Zink dan Pengiraan DFT)

 

NUR SYAMIMI MOHAMAD1, LING LING TAN1, GOH CHOO TA1, LEE YOOK HENG2, NADHRATUN NAIIM MOBARAK2, AZWAN MAT LAZIM2, SUHAILA SAPARI3, FAZIRA ILYANA ABDUL RAZAK3 & NURUL IZZATY HASSAN2,*

1Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative (SEADPRI-UKM), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

 

Received: 8 June 2022/Accepted: 1 September 2022

 

Abstract

8-carboxamidoquinoline derivatives were gradually investigated as zinc's label in resolving weak water solubility, poor membrane permeability, and difficulty measuring free Zn2+ ion in cells quantitatively. The potential of 2-oxo-2-(quinolin-8-ylamino)acid (OQAA) as zinc's label was prepared and characterized spectroscopically. Theoretical and experimental data of OQAA were compared and discussed. The optimized molecular structure, molecular orbital of HOMO-LUMO, energy band gaps, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) of OQAA were carried out using the DFT method with Becke-3-Parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) and 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The intermolecular interaction energy of OQAA-Zn is calculated by using the hybrid method of GEN with a basis set of LANL2DZ for Zn2+ ion and DFT/6-31G(d,p) for OQAA ligand. OQAA exhibited remarkable and excellent fluorescence enhancement selective and qualitatively only for Zn2+ than other metal cations tested (Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Cd2+) under a long wavelength. Job's plot and 1H NMR titrations indicate OQAA-Zn2+ has a binding ratio at 1:1 stoichiometry (M1L1). Substantial shifting of amide N-H proton to higher chemical shift and intensity of the proton peak of N-H amide decrease abruptly implies that Zn2+ is binding to an amide. These changes confirmed interactions among the ligand OQAA and metal Zn2+ ion. As a result of the benefits discussed, OQAA could effectively and selectively optimize and fabricate for Zn2+ sensors.

Keywords: Density functional theory; fluorescent sensor; metal cation; zinc label; 8-carboxamidoquinoline

 

Abstrak

Bahan terbitan 8-karboksamidokuinolina semakin mendapat perhatian sebagai label zink dalam menyelesaikan masalah keterlarutan air yang lemah, kebolehtelapan membran yang lemah, dan kesukaran mengukur ion Zn2+ bebas dalam sel secara kuantitatif. Sebatian asid 2-okso-2-(kuinolina-8-ylamino) (OQAA) yang berpotensi sebagai label zink telah disintesiskan dan dicirikan secara spektroskopi. Data teori dan uji kaji OQAA dibandingkan dan dibincangkan. Struktur molekul yang dioptimumkan, orbital molekul HOMO-LUMO, jurang jalur tenaga dan potensi elektrostatik molekul (MEP) OQAA telah dijalankan menggunakan kaedah DFT dengan Becke-3-Parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) dan set asas 6-31G(d,p). Seterusnya, tenaga interaksi antara molekul OQAA-Zn dihitung menggunakan kaedah hibrid GEN dengan set asas LANL2DZ untuk ion Zn2+ dan DFT/6-31G(d,p) untuk ligan OQAA. OQAA menunjukkan peningkatan pendarfluor yang luar biasa dan cemerlang secara selektif dan kualitatif hanya untuk Zn2+ berbanding kation logam lain yang diuji (Fe2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Hg2+, Cd2+) di bawah lampu UV gelombang panjang. Plot Job dan titrasi 1H NMR menunjukkan OQAA-Zn2+ mempunyai nisbah pengikatan pada stoikiometri 1:1 (M1L1). Peralihan besar amida N-H proton kepada anjakan kimia yang lebih tinggi dan keamatan puncak proton amida N-H menurun secara mendadak memberi gambaran bahawa Zn2+ terikat pada amida. Perubahan ini mengesahkan terdapat interaksi antara ligan OQAA dan ion logam Zn2+. Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian yang dibincangkan ini membuktikan sebatian OQAA ini boleh dilanjutkan dengan pengoptimuman dan fabrikasi sensor Zn2+ yang berkesan dan selektif. 

Kata kunci: Kation logam; label zink; sensor pendarfluor; 8-karboksamidokuinolina; teori kefungsian ketumpatan

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: drizz@ukm.edu.my

 

 

 

 

 

   

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