Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 139-151

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-11

 

Hydrolysis of Blended Cotton/Polyester Fabric from Hospital Waste using Subcritical Water

(Hidrolisis Kapas Campuran/Kain Poliester Buangan dari Hospital menggunakan Air Subkritikal)

 

NORDIN SABLI1,2,*, SHAMSAINON ABU TOAT1, HIROYUKI YOSHIDA1 & SHAMSUL IZHAR1

 

1Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2Institute of Advance Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 28 September 2021/Diterima: 19 Ogos 2022

 

Abstract

Currently in Malaysia, most wastes are disposed into poorly managed systems with little or no pollution protection measures. Large amounts of wastes such as textiles are generated through hospitals and health care centers. However, the improper management of these abundantly generated wastes may pose an environmental pollution problems and fire hazard. Cotton textile is a potential biomass for bioethanol production. Subcritical water (Sub-CW) hydrolysis was investigated as an alternative technology for the recycling of cotton textile waste for current health care waste management. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of complete conversion of cotton textile waste to ethanol via Sub-CW hydrolysis and fermentation.  Sub-CW was carried out to facilitate the hydrolysis of cellulose component in cotton textile (cotton 75%+polyester 25%). The study was divided into two parts; (i) To evaluate the subcritical water parameters such as temperature and time to achieve maximum yield of sugars. (ii) Fermentation of the hydrolysate obtained from Sub-CW hydrolysis to ethanol. Under Sub-CW conditions of temperature (140 °C - 350 °C), reaction time (1-10 min) and water to cotton ratio (3:1) showed that cotton textile treated at 280 °C for 4 min, was optimal for maximizing yield of sugar, which was 0.213 g/g-dry sample. The quantitative analysis by HPLC showed that the soluble carbohydrates in the water phase were mainly composed of glucose. The obtained glucose concentration, 171 mg/L was then fermented at 36 °C for 24 hours by Saccharomyces cerevisae (yeast) to ethanol.  Highest yield of ethanol was 0.415 g/g glucose, which was 81.2 % of theoretical yield. Hydrolysis with Sub-CW showed the potential to decompose the cotton textile into simple sugar while keeping sugar degradation to minimal phase and the possibility of complete conversion of cotton textile waste to ethanol via Sub-CW and fermentation.

 

Keywords: Cellulose; cotton textile; ethanol; fermentation; glucose; subcritical water

 

Abstrak

Pada masa ini di Malaysia, kebanyakan sisa dibuang ke dalam sistem yang tidak diurus dengan baik dengan sedikit atau tiada langkah perlindungan pencemaran. Sejumlah besar bahan buangan seperti tekstil dijana melalui hospital dan pusat penjagaan kesihatan. Walau bagaimanapun, pengurusan yang tidak cekap bagi sisa yang dihasilkan dengan banyak ini boleh menimbulkan masalah pencemaran alam sekitar dan bahaya kebakaran. Tekstil kapas adalah biojisim yang berpotensi untuk pengeluaran bioetanol. Hidrolisis air subkritikal (Sub-CW) telah dikaji sebagai teknologi alternatif untuk mengitar semula sisa tekstil kapas untuk pengurusan sisa penjagaan kesihatan semasa. Matlamat kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kemungkinan penukaran lengkap sisa tekstil kapas kepada etanol melalui hidrolisis dan penapaian Sub-CW. Sub-CW telah dijalankan untuk memudahkan hidrolisis komponen selulosa dalam tekstil kapas (kapas 75%+poliester 25%). Kajian ini dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian; (i) Untuk menilai parameter air subkritikal seperti suhu dan masa untuk mencapai hasil maksimum gula. (ii) Penapaian hidrolisat yang diperoleh daripada hidrolisis Sub-CW kepada etanol. Di bawah keadaan Sub-CW suhu (140 °C - 350 °C), masa tindak balas (1-10 min) dan nisbah air kepada kapas (3:1) mendedahkan bahawa tekstil kapas dirawat pada 280 °C selama 4 minit, adalah optimum untuk memaksimumkan hasil gula, iaitu 0.213 g/g-sampel kering. Analisis kuantitatif oleh HPLC menunjukkan bahawa karbohidrat larut dalam fasa air terutamanya terdiri daripada glukosa. Kepekatan glukosa yang diperoleh, 171 mg/L kemudian ditapai pada 36 °C selama 24 jam oleh Saccharomyces cerevisae (yis) kepada etanol. Hasil etanol tertinggi ialah 0.415 g/g glukosa, iaitu 81.2% daripada hasil teori. Hidrolisis dengan Sub-CW menunjukkan potensi untuk menguraikan tekstil kapas kepada gula ringkas sambil mengekalkan degradasi gula kepada fasa minimum dan kemungkinan penukaran lengkap sisa tekstil kapas kepada etanol melalui Sub-CW dan penapaian.

 

Kata kunci: Air subkritikal; etanol; fermentasi; glukosa; selulosa; tekstil kapas

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: nordin_sab@upm.edu.my

 

 

   

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