Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 153-164
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-12
Optimization of
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction for Antioxidant Activity in Relation to Rhoifolin Content of Fortunella polyandra using Response Surface Methodology
(RSM)
(Pengoptimuman Pengekstrakan Berbantu Ultrabunyi untuk
Aktiviti Antioksidan Berkaitan Kandungan Rhoifolin Fortunella polyandra menggunakan Kaedah Gerak Balas Permukaan
(RSM))
HAZIM
SYAHMI ELIAS1,3, SYARUL NATAQAIN BAHARUM1, KAMALRUL AZLAN
AZIZAN1, WAN YAACOB WAN AHMAD2, SHEELA CHANDREN3 & NORAZAH BASAR3,4,*
1Metabolomics Research
Laboratory, Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2School of Chemical
Science and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
3Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia
4Centre of Lipids
Engineering & Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,
81310 Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim,
Malaysia
Diserahkan:
5 Julai 2022/Diterima: 4
November 2022
Abstract
Fortunella polyandra (Ridl)
Tanaka or Malayan kumquat, is a family of Rutaceae from Malaysia known for its various active
compounds, especially flavonoids. This study aims to verify the optimum
condition and correlation of leaves extract in Fortunella polyandra by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
for antioxidant activities and apigenin 7-O-neohesperidoside (rhoifolin) contents using the response surface methodology
(RSM). Central composite rotatable design (CCD) was performed to investigate
the influence of the extraction parameters on maximum antioxidant activity,
namely temperatures (X1), times (X2), and solvent ratios
of ethanol:water (X3). The optimal
extraction conditions for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging
activity were obtained at extraction time of 5 min, temperature of 30 °C and
solvent ratio of 70:30, ethanol:water with IC50 value of 0.126±0.004 mg/mL. Rhoifolin content and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay share the same
optimum condition at extraction time of 5 min, temperature of 30 °C, and
solvent ratio of 30:70, ethanol:water.
Under these conditions, rhoifolin content was
measured at 67.83±0.37 ppm, whereas FRAP equivalent value was recorded at
0.22±0.01 mg/mL. All three responses from the model
achieved 95% confidence level. Correlation study showed that there is no
relationship between the rhoifolin content and the
antioxidant activities of Fortunella polyandra extract.
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity; central composite design (CCD); Fortunella polyandra; response surface methodology (RSM); rhoifolin; ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
Abstrak
Fortunella poliandra(Ridl) Tanaka atau kumquat Malaya, tergolong dalam famili Rutaceae dari Malaysia yang terkenal dengan pelbagai sebatian aktif terutamanya flavonoid. Walau bagaimanapun, kaedah pengekstrakan tradisi yang digunakan untuk mengekstrak sebatian aktif ini mengambil masa yang lama dan rumit. Secara khususnya, kaedah pengekstrakan berbantukan ultrabunyi (UAE) untuk mengekstrak sebatian aktif telah diketengahkan dan boleh menjadi salah satu kaedah yang berkesan untuk mengekstrak sebatian aktif daripada Fortunella polyandra. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentusahkan keadaan optimum ekstrak daun Fortunella poliandra menggunakan kaedah pengekstrakan berbantu ultrabunyi (UAE) untuk mengkaji aktiviti antioksidan dan korelasi kandungan apigenin
7-O-neohesperidosida (rhoifolin) menggunakan kaedah gerak balas permukaan(RSM). Reka bentuk komposit pusat (CCD) digunakan untuk mengkaji kesan parameter pengekstrakan ke atas aktiviti optimum antioksidan, iaitu suhu (X1), masa (X2) dan nisbah pelarut etanol:air (X3). Keadaan optimum pengekstrakan untuk aktiviti pemerangkapan 2,2-difenil-1-pikrillhidrazil (DFPH) diperoleh pada masa pengekstrakan 5 minit, suhu 30 °C dan nisbah pelarut 70:30, etanol:air dengan nilai IC50 0.126±0.004 mg/mL. Kandungan rhoifolin dan cerakinan keupayaan antioksidan penurunan ferik (FRAP) menunjukkan keadaan optimum yang sama iaitu pada masa pengekstrakan selama 5 minit, suhu 30 °C dan nisbah pelarut 30:70, etanol:air.
Di bawah keadaan optimum ini, kandungan rhoifolin yang diperoleh adalah 67.83±0.37 ppm, manakala nilai setara FRAP direkodkan pada 0.22±0.01 mg/mL. Ketiga-tiga gerak balas daripada model ini mencapai aras keyakinan 95%. Kajian korelasi menunjukkan tiada hubungan antara kandungan rhoifolin dan aktiviti antioksidan ekstrak Fortunella poliandra.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; Fortunella poliandra; kaedah gerak balas permukaan (RSM); pengekstrakan berbantu ultrabunyi (UAE); reka bentuk komposit pusat (CCD); rhoifolin
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat;
email: norazahb@utm.my
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