Sains Malaysiana 52(1)(2023): 83-93

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5201-07

A Talaromyces Fungal Species with Strong Antimicrobial Activity from Deception Island, Antarctica

(Spesies Kulat Talaromyces dengan Aktiviti Antimikrob Kuat dari Pulau Deception, Antartika)

SHEAU TING YONG1, PARIS LEONARDO LAVIN2, MARCELO ARAVENA GONZÁLEZ3 & CLEMENTE MICHAEL VUI LING WONG1,*

1Biotechnology Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
2Departamento de Biotecnologia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mary Recursos Biologicos, Universidad de Antofagasta,
601 Avenida Angamos, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
3Instituto Antártico Chileno, Plaza Muñoz Gamero 1055, Punta Arenas, Chile

Diserahkan: 1 April 2022/Diterima: 11 Oktober 2022

Abstract

Deception Island is well-known for harboring highly diverse microbial communities due to its unique volcanic environment in Antarctica. Most studies focused on bacteria, and relatively little was known about the fungal species on this island. The present study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial production and nutrient utilization profiles of a soil fungus from Deception Island, designated as Im33. Our findings showed that the strain had maximum mycelial growth and sporulation on malt-extract agar (MEA) medium, but it demonstrated the strongest antimicrobial activity in yeast extract-malt extract broth (YMB) medium. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 regions showed that it is a species belonging to the genus Talaromyces. It was resistant to cycloheximide concentrations up to 1,000 mg/L and exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative test pathogens, as well as being able to utilize a variety of carbon sources. This is the first report of a Talaromyces species from Deception Island. The capability of the strain to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial compounds and various enzymes indicated that Antarctic fungi, like their bacterial counterparts, have adopted various adaptation strategies to compete and survive in the extreme environment.

 

Keywords: Antarctic; antimicrobial resistance; enzymes; fungus; South Shetland Islands

 

Abstrak

Pulau Deception terkenal dengan kepelbagaian komuniti mikrob kerana persekitaran gunung berapinya yang unik di Antartika. Kebanyakan kajian tertumpu kepada bakteria dan spesies kulat di pulau ini tidak begitu diketahui. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan profil pengeluaran antimikrob dan penggunaan nutrien kulat tanah dari Pulau Deception, iaitu Im33. Penemuan kami menunjukkan bahawa strain ini mempunyai pertumbuhan miselia dan spora maksimum pada media agar-ekstrak malt (MEA), tetapi menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob yang paling kuat dalam media ekstrak malt ekstrak yis (YMB). Analisis filogenetik bagi kawasan spacer 1 dan 2 yang tertranskripsi secara dalaman menunjukkan bahawa kulat ini tergolong dalam genus Talaromyces. Kulat ini tahan terhadap kepekatan sikloheksimida sehingga 1,000 mg/L dan menunjukkan aktiviti antimikrob spektrum luas terhadap patogen Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif, di samping dapat menggunakan pelbagai punca karbon. Ini merupakan laporan pertama spesies Talaromyces dari Pulau Deception. Keupayaan strain ini untuk menghasilkan sebatian antimikrob spektrum luas dan pelbagai enzim menunjukkan bahawa kulat Antartika, seperti bakteria lain, telah menggunakan pelbagai strategi penyesuaian untuk bersaing dan bertahan dalam persekitaran yang ekstrem.

 

Kata kunci: Antartika; enzim; kulat; Pulau Shetland Selatan; rintang antimikrob

 

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: michaelw@ums.edu.my

 

   

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