Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 3 (2016): 469 - 476

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2003-02

 

 

 

ADSORBENT FROM WASTE AND NATURAL DEPOSITS FOR PARAQUAT REMOVAL IN WATER

 

(Penjerap daripada Sisa Industri dan Semulajadi untuk Penyingkiran Paraquat di dalam Air)

 

Nur Fatin Zakaria¹, Zaiton Abdul Majid¹*, Zainab Ramli¹, Jafariah Jaafar¹, Azmi Aris^2,3, Juhaizah Talib^2,3, Rusmidah Ali¹

 

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

²Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering

³Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: zaiton@kimia.fs.utm.my

 

 

Received: 9 December 2014; Accepted: 21 March 2016

 

 

Abstract

Studies on the removal of frequently used herbicide for controlling broad-leafed weeds, Paraquat Dichloride (PQ) has been carried out intensively. Waste from steelmaking industries (Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag) and natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) were used as the starting materials. Preparation of an adsorbent involved two steps, namely extraction iron oxide (IO) from slag and precipitation of IO onto clinoptilolite. Characterization of NZIC were done using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), single-point Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and pH at zero point charge (pHzpc). The NZIC showed a lower magnetic saturation at 8.13 emu/g compared to maghemite at 29.5 emu/g. The BET surface area of NZIC was 146.29 m²/g, larger compared to the individual surface area of clinoptilolite and maghemite which are 37.84 and 17.84 m²/g respectively. Adsorption of PQ onto clinoptilolite and NZIC were investigated using a batch experiment. Surface characteristic of NZIC was investigated by pHzpc experiment showing that at pH 8.2 its electric surface charge is zero. Optimum parameters for adsorption of PQ in water were found at pH 12 with 0.01 g/10 mL of NZIC and equilibrium time of 20 minutes. Desorption experiment revealed that NZIC have a good recovery in repetitive usage for PQ removal in water.

 

Keywords: waste, clinoptilolite, iron oxide, paraquat, adsorption

 

Abstrak

Kajian ke atas penghapusan racun rumpai yang sering digunakan untuk mengawal tumbuhan berdaun besar, Paraquat Diklorit (PQ) telah dijalankan secara intensif. Sisa daripada industri keluli dan zeolit asli (klinoptilolit) telah digunakan sebagai bahan mentah. Elektrik relau arka (EAF) sanga mengandungi logam oksida berharga seperti oksida besi (IO) yang merangkumi 37% (w/w) sanga. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan untuk mengekstrak IO dan pemendakan ke atas klinoptilolit. Penyediaan Zeolit-Besi Oksida Komposit (NZIC) melibatkan dua langkah mudah iaitu pengekstrakan IO dari sanga EAF dan pemendakan IO ke atas klinoptilolit. Pencirian NZIC telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan Fourier Transform Inframerah Spektroskopi (FTIR), Imbasan Elektron Mikroskopi (SEM), analisis kawasan permukaan Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) dan pH di caj titik sifar (pHzpc). NZIC menunjukkan ketepuan magnet yang rendah iaitu pada 8.13 emu/g berbanding maghemite dengan ketepuan magnet 29.5 emu/g. Kawasan permukaan BET untuk NZIC adalah 146.29 m²/g, lebih besar berbanding dengan kawasan permukaan individu klinoptilolit dan maghemite, 37.84 dan 17.84 m²/g masing-masing. Penjerapan PQ ke atas klipnotilolit dan NZIC telah disiasat menggunakan eksperimen kumpulan. pHzpc untuk NZIC adalah pada pH 8.2 di mana caj permukaannya adalah seimbang. Parameter optimum untuk penjerapan PQ dalam air didapati pada pH 12 dengan 0.01 g/10 mL NZIC dan keseimbangan masa iaitu 20 minit. Eksperimen penyaherapan menunjukkan NZIC mempunyai kadar pemulihan yang baik dalam penggunaan berulang-dalam penyingkiran PQ di dalam air.

 

Kata kunci: sisa, klinoptilolit, ferum oksida, paraquat, penjerapan

 

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