Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 20 No 6 (2016): 1405 - 1412

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2016-2006-20

 

 

 

INFLUENCE OF HIGHLY CONCENTRATED SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH) TOWARDS FORMATION OF HIGHLY ORDERED TIO₂ NANOTUBES (TNT) STRUCTURE

 

(Pengaruh Kepekatan Sodium Hidrosida (NaOH) yang Tinggi terhadap Pembentukan Struktur Bertertib Nanotiub TiO₂ (TNT))

 

Masturah Abdullah¹ and Siti Kartom Kamarudin^{1, 2}*

 

¹Fuel Cell Institute

²Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: ctie@vlsi.eng.ukm.my

 

 

Received: 21 October 2015; Accepted: 14 June 2016

 

 

Abstract

In this study, titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNT) were synthesis according to different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the high concentration NaOH towards formation of TiO₂ nanotubes structure. TNT was synthesized via hydrothermal method that was performed in a Teflon line stainless steel autoclave by using different concentration of NaOH (6 M to 12 M). The hydrothermal time and temperature is placed constantly for 24 hours and 110 ^oC respectively. The characterization of TNT was performed by Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for better understanding of its nanotubes structure and the chemical bonding present. Based on characterization analysis, the formation of nanotubes was in systematic arrangement and makes it easier for loading of noble catalyst. Furthermore, the replacement of sodium content by hydrogen ion, H⁺ also seem to be increasing after the acid washing treatment. The investigation result proven that the best concentration of NaOH for TiO₂ nanotubes formation was 10 M (TNT-10).

 

Keywords:  TiO₂ nanotubes, hydrothermal reaction, concentration of sodium hydroxide

 

Abstrak

Melalui kajian ini, nanotiub titanium dioksida disintesiskan mengikut kepekatan sodium hidrosida (NaOH) yang berbeza. Tujuan utama kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan NaOH yang tinggi terhadap pembentukan struktur nanotiub. Nanotiub titanium dioksida (TNT) dihasilkan dengan menggunakan kaedah hidrotermal menggunakan turus teflon autoklaf keluli anti karat dengan mempelbagaikan kepekatan NaOH (6 M hingga 12 M). Tempoh dan suhu proses hidrotermal masing-masing dibiarkan sekata selama 24 jam dan 110 ^oC. Pencirian TNT dijalankan dengan menggunakan Mikroskopi Elektron Pengimbasan Pancaran Medan (FESEM), Pembelauan Sinar X (XRD), Spektroskopi Inframerah Transformasi Fourier (FTIR) dan Tenaga Serakan Sinar X (EDX) bagi memahami dengan lebih mendalam mengenai struktur nano dan juga ikatan kimia yang wujud. Berdasarkan analisis yang dijalankan, didapati nanotiub berada dalam keadaan yang sistematik dan memudahkan penempatan pemangkin adi. Tambahan pula, penggantian kandungan sodium oleh H⁺ juga meningkat selepas proses pembasuhan menggunakan asid. Keputusan ujikaji menunjukkan kepekatan 10 M (TNT-10) adalah yang terbaik bagi menghasilkan nanotiub TiO₂.

 

Kata kunci:  nanotiub TiO₂, tindak balas hidrotermal, kepekatan sodium hidroksida

 

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