Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences Vol 21 No 3 (2017): 690 - 699

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17576/mjas-2017-2103-18

 

 

 

MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUND FROM PINEAPPLE SKINS: THE OPTIMUM OPERATING CONDITION AND COMPARISON WITH SOXHLET EXTRACTION

 

(Pengekstrakan Sebatian Fenolik daripada Kulit Nenas oleh Bantuan Gelombang Mikro: Pengoptimuman Keadaan Pengendalian dan Perbandingan Bersama Pengekstrakan Soxhlet)

 

Nor Halaliza Alias¹* and Zulkifly Abbas²

 

¹Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

²Department of Physics, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

 

*Corresponding author: norhalaliza@salam.uitm.edu.my

 

 

Received: 28 November 2016; Accepted: 5 February 2017

 

 

Abstract

A new method of extraction by using a microwave has been widely used in the extracting of bioactive compound from plants. In this research, the pineapple (Ananas comosus L., Merr) wastes (namely skin) has been chosen as it contains a very high phenolic compound and provide a good source of antioxidant to human’s health. The three parameters varied were the microwave power, the types of solvent extraction and the extraction temperature. Each of the samples was evaluated for the Total Phenolic Compound (TPC) and Antioxidant Activity (AA). The aims of this study are to obtain the optimum operating condition of Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) in the extraction of phenolic compound from pineapple skins and to compare the extraction yield between MAE and Soxhlet Extraction (SE) method. From the results, it was found that the optimum condition was at 750 W microwave power, 60 °C operating temperature and with the solvent ratio of ethanol: water (50-50) by volume. At this optimum condition, the TPC observed was 207.72 mg GAE/g dw, whereas for the EC₅₀, DPPH value obtained was the lowest, 13.2 mg/mL. MAE has proven that this method is comparable to SE, with the TPC obtained was 28.78 mg GAE/g dw and EC₅₀ of 2.78 mg/L, respectively.

 

Keywords:    pineapple skin, microwave-assisted extraction, microwave power, total phenolic compound, antioxidant activity

 

Abstrak

Satu kaedah baru pengekstrakan dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro telah digunakan secara meluas di dalam pengekstrakan sebatian bioaktif daripada tumbuhan. Di dalam kajian ini, sisa (kulit) nenas (Ananas comosus L., Merr) telah dipilih kerana ia mengandungi sebatian fenolik yang tinggi dan menyediakan sumber antioksidan yang baik kepada kesihatan manusia. Tiga parameter boleh ubah iaitu kuasa gelombang mikro, jenis pelarut pengekstrakan dan suhu pengekstrakan. Setiap sampel telah dinilai untuk jumlah sebatian fenolik (TPC) dan aktiviti antioksidan (AA). Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan keadaan pengendalian optimum oleh bantuan gelombang mikro (MAE) di dalam pengekstrakan sebatian fenolik daripada sisa nenas dan membandingkan hasil pengekstrakan di antara MAE dan pengekstrakan Soxhlet (SE). Daripada keputusan, telah didapati bahawa keadaan optimum adalah pada kuasa gelombang mikro 750 W, pengendalian suhu 60 °C dan nisbah pelarut etanol: air (50-50) mengikut isipadu. Pada keadaan optimum ini, TPC yang dicerap adalah 207.72 mg GAE/g dw, manakala untuk EC₅₀, DPPH telah didapati pada nilai yang paling rendah, iaitu 13.2 mg/mL. MAE telah membuktikan bahawa kaedah ini setanding dengan SE, dengan TPC diperoleh adalah masing – masing 28.78 mg GAE/g dw dengan EC₅₀ 2.78 mg/L.

 

Kata kunci:  kulit nenas, gelombang mikro terbantu, kuasa gelombang mikro, jumlah sebatian berfenol, aktiviti antioksidan

 

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