Sains Malaysiana 40(5)(2011): 457–466

Kesan Sitotoksik dan Aktiviti Anti-MrsaEkstrak Metanol Phyllanthus gracilipes dan Phyllanthus columnaris

 (Cytotoxic Effect and Anti-MRSA Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Phyllanthus gracilipes and Phyllanthus columnaris)

G.M. Fazari, A. Azilawaty & I. Nazlina*

Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

W.A. Yaacob

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 1 April 2010 / Accepted: 1 September 2010

ABSTRAK

Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menguji kesan sitotoksik dan aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak metanol dari bahagian berbeza tumbuhan Phyllanthus gracilipes dan P. columnaris. Pengekstrakan dilakukan pada suhu bilik dan menggunakan alat-radas Soxhlet untuk menghasilkan 22 ekstrak. Ujian fitokimia ke atas ekstrak Soxhlet menunjukkan kehadiran saponin dalam semua ekstrak manakala steroid terdapat dalam ekstrak semua bahagian P. gracilipes dan 3 daripada ekstrak P. columnaris. Ujian sitotoksik ke atas kultur sel Vero menunjukkan hanya empat ekstrak yang sitotoksik dengan nilai LC50 di bawah 20 μg/mL iaitu ekstrak suhu bilik kulit-batang P. gracilipes, ekstrak Soxhlet kayu-batang dan daun P. gracilipes serta ekstrak suhu bilik kayu-akar P. columnaris. Ekstrak suhu bilik dan Soxhlet kayu-batang P. gracilipes serta semua ekstrak suhu bilik P. columnaris merencat pertumbuhan 13 pencilan Staphylococcus aureus Rintang-Metisillin (MRSA) yang diuji.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti antibakteria; kesitotoksikan; Phyllanthus columnaris; Phyllanthus gracilipes; sel Vero

ABSTRACT

A study was carried out to test the cytotoxic effect and antibacterial activity of methanol extracts from different parts of Phyllanthus gracilipes and P. columnaris. The extraction was done at room temperature and using a Soxhlet apparatus to produce 22 extracts. Phytochemical test on the extracts produced using Soxhlet showed the presence of saponins in all the extracts whilst steroids were found in all P. gracilipes parts and only in 3 extracts of P. columnaris. Cytotoxic tests on Vero cell culture revealed four extracts were cytotoxic with LC50 values below 20 μg/mL i.e. room temperature extract of P. gracilipes stem-bark, Soxhlet extracts of P. gracilipes stem-wood and leaves, and room temperature extract of P. columnaris root-wood. Room temperature and Soxhlet extracts of P. gracilipes stem-wood, and all room temperature extracts of P. columnaris inhibited the growth of 13 isolates of MRSA (Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) tested.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; cytotoxicity; Phyllanthus columnaris; Phyllanthus gracilipes; Vero cell

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*Corresponding author; email: nazlina@ukm.my