Sains Malaysiana 40(5)(2011): 489–495

Antihyperglycemic Activity of F. deltoidea Ethanolic Extract in Normal Rats

(Aktiviti Antihiperglisemik Ekstrak Ethanol Ficus deltoidea di dalam Tikus Normal)

Zainah Adam¹, Amin Ismail², Shafii Khamis¹, Muhammad Hanaffi Mohd. Mokhtar¹ & Muhajir Hamid^3, *

¹Medical Technology Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency

Bangi 43000 Kajang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

²Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

³Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor D.E., Malaysia

Received: 8 February 2010 / Accepted: 29 September 2010

ABSTRACT

Ficus deltoidea is one of the common medicinal plants used in Malaysia. This epiphytic plant, from the Moraceae family has been claimed to have antidiabetic property. However, scientific evidence to confirm its efficacy is still lacking. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea on glucose level in normal rats at different prandial state. The results showed that, all doses of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea reduced fasting blood glucose particularly after 6 h of administration. Interestingly, the extract did not produce severe hypoglycemia as shown by its comparable effect with metformin. Likewise, postprandial hyperglycemia was also significantly reduced particularly after 4 and 6 h of administration. Furthermore, extract was used at a dose of 1000 mg/kg b.w., reduced postprandial hyperglycemia similar to metformin. This suggests that postprandial antihyperglycemic mechanism of this extract is mediated through enhancement of glucose uptake into muscle cells and reduction of hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucose tolerance activity was also significantly improved in the presence of ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea. From this study, it is suggested that ethanolic extract of F. deltoidea reduced postprandial hyperglycemia and improves glucose tolerance activity in normal rats.

Keywords: F. deltoidea; glucose tolerance activity; postprandial antihyperglycemia

ABSTRAK

Ficus deltoidea merupakan salah satu tumbuhan ubatan yang lazim di Malaysia. Pokok epifit ini, daripada keluarga Moraceae dipercayai mempunyai sifat antidiabetik. Walau bagaimanapun, bukti saintifik untuk mengesahkan keberkesanannya masih kurang. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk menilai kesan ekstrak ethanol F. deltoidea terhadap aras glukosa di dalam tikus normal pada keadaan prandial yang berbeza. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa, kesemua dos ekstrak menurunkan flukosa darah puasa terutamanya selepas 6 jam pengambilan. Yang menariknya, ekstrak ini tidak menyebabkan hipoglisemia terus sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan oleh kesannya yang sebanding dengan metformin. Begitu juga, hiperglisemia posprandial turut diturunkan secara signifikan terutamanya 4 dan 6 jam selepas pengambilan. Tambahan lagi, ekstrak digunakan pada dos 1000 mg/kg b.w. telah menunjukkan penuruan hiperglisemia posprandial sama seperti metformin. Ini mencadangkan bahawa mekanisme antihiperglisemia posprandial ekstrak ini diperantarakan melalui peningkatan pengambilan glukosa ke dalam sel otot dan penurunan glukoneogenesis hati. Aktviti toleransi glukosa juga diperbaiki secara signifikan dengan kehadiran ekstrak ethanol F. deltoidea. Daripada kajian ini, dicadangkan bahawa ekstrak ethanol F. deltoidea menurunkan hipeerglisemia posprandial dan memperbaiki aktiviti toleransi flukosa di dalam tikus normal.

Kata kunci: Aktiviti toleransi glukosa; antihiperglisemia posprandial; F. deltoidea

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*Corresponding author; email: muhajir@biotech.upm.edu.my