Sains Malaysiana 43(5)(2014): 697–705

In vitro and In vivo Evaluation of Streptomyces Suppressions against Anthracnose in

Chili Caused by Colletotrichum

(Penilaian Penindasan Streptomyces Secara In vitro dan In vivo terhadap Antraknos dalam Cili Disebabkan oleh Colletotrichum)

PEDRAM SHAHBAZI*, MD. YUSOFF MUSA, GEOK YUAN ANNIE TAN, FARHAT AHMADI AVIN, WEE FEI AARON TEO & VIKINESWARY SABARATNAM

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur

Malaysia

Received: 8 January 2013/Accepted: 4 September 2013

ABSTRACT

The isolation of 66 streptomycetes from rhizosphere soil of chili plants was done for their inhibitory activities against three different dominant species of Colletotrichum namely C. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides and C. capsici. Twenty one streptomycetes strains were active against at least one of the Colletotrichum species. In addition, ten strains that inhibited the in vitro growth of Colletotrichum species showed chitinase activity. Strain P42, which displayed the highest inhibitory activity against all three anthracnose fungi species and high chitinase activity was tested as biological control agent in a greenhouse study. The strain successfully controlled chili anthracnose disease by significantly reducing the disease severity. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain P42 belongs to the Streptomyces rochei clade. The results of the current study showed that rhizosphere-derived soil of chili plants is an important source of bioactive streptomycetes which are antagonistic against Colletotrichum.

Keywords: Biological control; chili pepper; Colletotrichum; inhibitory activity; Streptomyces

ABSTRAK

Enam puluh enam pencilan streptomiset daripada tanah rizosfera tumbuhan cili telah dilakukan saringan aktiviti antimikrob terhadap tiga spesies kulat Colletotrichum yang berbeza iaituC. acutatum, C. gloeosporioides danC. capsici. Dua puluh satu strain streptomiset didapati aktif terhadap sekurang-kurangnya salah satu spesiesColletotrichum. Tambahan pula, sepuluh terikan streptomiset yang mampu merencat pertumbuhanColletotrichum secara in vitro juga menunjukkan aktiviti kitinase. Strain P42 yang memaparkan aktiviti perencatan tertinggi terhadap ketiga-tiga spesies kulat kajian dan juga mempunyai aktiviti kitinase tinggi diuji sebagai agen kawalan biologi dalam kajian rumah hijau. Strain P42 ini berjaya mengawal penyakit antraknos cili. Analisis filogenetik gen jujukan 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahawa strain P42 kepunyaan kladStreptomyces rochei. Keputusan kajian ini memberikan gambaran bahawa tanah rizosfera tumbuhan cili adalah sumber penting streptomiset bioaktif yang berupaya mengawal pertumbuhanColletotrichum.

Kata kunci: Cili padi; Colletotrichum; kawalan biologi; saringan aktiviti; Streptomyces

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*Corresponding author; email: ped.shahbazi@gmail.com