Sains Malaysiana 43(5)(2014): 689–695

Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Non-Edible Parts of Selected Tropical Fruits

(Aktiviti Antioksidan dan Antiproliferatif Bahagian Tidak Boleh Dimakan Buah-buahan Tropika Terpilih)

WARANGKANA CHUNGLOK*¹, TANYARATH UTAIPAN¹, NATHNARIN SOMCHIT¹,

MONTHON LERTCANAWANICHAKUL¹& YUTTANA SUDJAROEN ²

¹School of Allied Health Sciences and Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat

Thailand

²Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand

Received: 2 February 2013/Accepted: 26 August 2013

ABSTRACT

It is of interest that seeds and pericarps of tropical fruits contain phytochemicals being the components of various biological activities for beneficial health effects. This study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and anticancer activities of the methanolic extracts from seeds and pericarps of three selected tropical fruits including Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.), Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) and Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Total phenolic content was determined by using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated based on the ability of the fruit extracts to scavenge ABTS and DPPH radicals. MTT reduction assay and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining were carried out for cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction, respectively. Total phenolic contents of the seeds and pericarps of the tropical fruits ranged from 104.60 to 501.95 mg/g DW. All extracts were found to have significant antioxidant activities. Among them, tamarind seed extract contained the highest total phenolic contents and possessed the highest antioxidant capacities. Tamarind seed extract showed the highest cytotoxicity to human mouth carcinoma (CLS-354) cells and had no toxicity to PBMCs. Staining with annexin V-FITC/PI showed that this apoptosis occurred early in this cell type with 10.0% of the cells undergoing apoptosis. Tamarind seed extract might have potential anticancer activity which could be attributed, in part, to selectively inhibit the growth of CLS-354 cells and induce apoptosis. This research finding would be valuable information to identify major constituents of the extracts and mechanisms underlying anticancer activity which could be attributed to dietary health supplements or cancer chemoprevention from fruits.

Keywords: Antioxidant capacity; antiproliferation; non-edible parts; tropical fruits

ABSTRAK

Benih dan perikarpa buah-buahan tropika mengandungi fitokimia yang menjadi komponen pelbagai aktiviti biologi yang berfaedah kepada kesihatan. Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk menilai antioksidan dan aktiviti anti-kanser ekstrak metanolik daripada benih dan perikarpa 3 jenis buah-buahan tropika termasuk Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceumL.), Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) dan Asam (Tamarindus indicaL.). Jumlah kandungan fenol ditentukan melalui kaedah Folin-Ciocalteu. Kapasiti antioksidan dinilai berdasarkan keupayaan ekstrak buah-buahan untuk menggarut ABTS dan radikal DPPH. Kesan pengurangan asai MTT dan pewarnaan Annexin V-FITC/PI masing-masing dijalankan untuk sitotoksisiti dan apoptosis aruhan. Jumlah kandungan fenol benih dan perikarpa buah-buahan tropika adalah daripada 104.60 ke 501.95 mg/g DW. Semua ekstrak didapati mengandungi aktiviti antioksidan bererti. Dalam kalangan mereka, ekstrak biji Asam mengandungi jumlah fenol tertinggi dan mempunyai keupayaan antioksidan tertinggi. Ekstrak biji Asam menunjukkan sitotoksisiti yang tertinggi untuk sel karsinoma mulut manusia (CLS-354) dan tidak mengandungi ketoksikan untuk PBMCs. Pewarnaan dengan annexin PI/V-FITC menunjukkan bahawa apoptosis berlaku awal dalam jenis sel ini dengan 10.0% daripada sel mengalami apoptosis. Ekstrak biji Asam mungkin mempunyai potensi aktiviti anti-kanser dengan sebahagiannya menghalang pertumbuhan sel CLS-354 dan mendorong apoptosis. Keputusan kajian ini akan menjadi maklumat penting untuk mengenal pasti juzuk utama ekstrak dan mekanisme yang mendasari aktiviti anti-kanser yang disebabkan oleh suplemen pemakanan kesihatan atau kanser kemocegahan daripada buah-buahan.

Kata kunci: Antipercambahan; bahagian yang tidak boleh dimakan; buah-buahan tropika; kapasiti antioksidan

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*Corresponding author; email: cwarang@wu.ac.th