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Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1301–1307
Effect of Preparation and Extraction Parameters of Banana (Musa balbisiana cv. Saba) Inflorescence on their Antibacterial Activities (Kesan Penyediaan
dan Parameter Pengekstrakan Jantung Pisang (Musa balbisiana cv.
Saba) ke atas Aktiviti Antibakteria) HOE SENG
TIN1,
BIRDIE
SCOTT
PADAM1,
CHARLES
S.
VAIRAPPAN2,
MOHD
ISMAIL
ABDULLAH1
& FOOK YEE CHYE1*
1Faculty of Food Science
and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS
88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia 2Institute of Tropical
Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS
88450 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Negeri di Bawah Bayu, Malaysia Received: 22 July 2014/Accepted: 25 May 2015 ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the influence of sample preparation
and extraction parameters on the antibacterial activity of inflorescences
from banana (Musa balbisiaba cv. Saba).
Banana inflorescences were extracted using various solvent extractions
and tested for antibacterial activity using agar-well diffusion
assay against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus,
Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Brochothrix
thermosphacta) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium,
Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterobacter sakazakii,
Yersinia enterocolitica and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) The
effects of geographical origin, drying methods and extraction parameters
(sample-to-solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature as well
as methanol to solvent ratio) on antibacterial activity of the banana
by-product were carried out. Among all the extracts evaluated, methanolic
extract from the buds showed significant higher inhibitory against
all gram positive bacteria ranging from 12.56-13.54 mm. Interestingly,
no significant different (p>0.05) was observed on the
effect of geographical origin as well as extraction methods on the
antibacterial capacity. Meanwhile, the extracts produced from 50°C
oven dried sample seem to have comparable antibacterial activity
with the freeze dried samples. Extraction parameters (sample-to-solvent
ratio, extraction time and temperature as well as methanol to solvent
ratio) were found responsible in determining the efficacy of the
antibacterial. In conclusion, methanolic extracts from banana inflorescence
buds could be a new source of natural antibacterial and further
bioassay guided fractionation should be carried out to determine
the bioactive compounds and their biological activities. Keywords: Antibacterial; banana by-product; extraction methods; methanolic
ABSTRAK Kajian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh penyediaan
sampel dan faktor pengekstrakan ke atas aktiviti antibakteria jantung
pisang (Musa balbisiaba cv. Saba). Jantung pisang telah diekstrak
dengan menggunakan pelbagai pelarut dan diuji untuk aktiviti antibakteria
menggunakan kaedah penyerapan agar terhadap bakteria gram positif
(Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria
monocytogenes dan Brochothrix thermosphacta) dan bakteria
gram negatif (Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella enteritidis,
Escherichia coli O157:H7, Enterobacter sakazakii, Yersinia enterocolitica
dan Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Kesan
sampel yang diperoleh daripada kedudukan geografi, kaedah pengeringan
dan kaedah pengekstrakan (nisbah sampel-ke-pelarut, masa pengekstrakan
dan suhu serta metanol kepada nisbah air) yang berbeza ke atas aktiviti
antibakteria produk sampingan pisang telah dilakukan. Ekstrak
metanolik jantung pisang didapati memberikan kesan perencatan yang
lebih kuat secara signifikan terhadap bakteria gram positif dengan
julat 12.56-13.54 mm. Tidak ada perbezaan yang signifikan (p>0.05)
diperhatikan kepada pengaruhan kedudukan
geografi dan kaedah pengekstrakan ke atas kapasiti antibakteria.
Sementara itu, ekstrak yang dihasilkan melalui
pengeringan ketuhar pada suhu 50°C didapati mempunyai kesan
antibakteria yang setara dengan sampel yang dikering sejukbeku.
Faktor pengekstrakan (nisbah sampel-ke-pelarut,
pengaruh masa dan suhu serta metanol kepada nisbah pelarut) didapati
mempengaruhi kesan aktiviti antibakteria ini. Secara kesimpulannya, ekstrak metanolik daripada jantung pisang
berpotensi dijadikan sumber baru antibakteria semula jadi dan kajian
lanjut harus dilakukan untuk menentukan sebatian bioaktif serta
aktiviti biologi mereka. Kata kunci: Antibakteria; kaedah pengekstrakan;
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