Sains Malaysiana 44(9)(2015): 1309–1313
Eye Movement
Analysis during Activities of Daily Living (ADL) among Fully Sighted
School Children
(Analisis
Pergerakan Mata Semasa Aktiviti Rutin Harian dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah
dengan Penglihatan Normal)
ANIS SUZANNA MOHAMAD*, RIFIZATI BUYONG, NORLIZA MOHAMAD FADZIL, ZAINORA MOHAMMED
& MIZHANIM MOHAMAD SHAHIMIN
Optometry and Visual Science Programme, School
of Healthcare Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysiam Jalan Raja Muda Abdul
Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia
Received: 18 April 2013/Accepted: 25 May 2015
ABSTRACT
Eye movement is one of the most important mechanisms that function
to collect the information from the environment to stimulate the
motor action and thus enable a person to perform daily activities.
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether eye movement
parameters when performing activities of daily living (ADL) is affected by learning effect when
the ADL were repeated. Thirteen school children aged between
15 and 19 years old (mean 16.31±1.89 years) participated
in this study. They undergone two evaluations, baseline and follow
up, separated by at least 10 weeks. The evaluation included assessment
of visual acuity at near and distance using Lighthouse reduced ETDRS chart and Early Treatment Diabetic
Retinopathy (ETDRS) chart, respectively; eye movement
parameters (task duration, saccade latency and number of saccades)
while performing ADL (identifying colours, coins and food)
were recorded using Positive Science Portable LLC eye
tracker. The mean value for the visual acuity at distance and near
for baseline and follow up were logMAR -0.05±0.05 and logMAR -0.05±0.05,
respectively. The results showed that comparison of eye movement
parameters for performance of ADL at baseline and follow up were not
statistically significant. Therefore, the findings of this study
suggested that learning effect is not a factor that will influence
change in eye movement parameters when performing ADL. These findings implied some benefit
in using eye movement parameters for example to evaluate performance
of ADL
when given intervention in persons with nystagmus.
Keywords: Activities of daily living (ADL);
eye movements; learning effect; saccadic eye movements
ABSTRAK
Pergerakan mata adalah salah satu mekanisme yang paling penting
yang berfungsi untuk mengumpul maklumat dari persekitaran untuk merangsang
tindakan motor dan dengan itu membolehkan seseorang melakukan aktiviti harian.
Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji sama ada parameter
pergerakan mata ketika melakukan aktiviti kehidupan harian (ADL)
terjejas dengan kesan pembelajaran apabila ADL diulang. Tiga belas kanak-kanak sekolah berumur antara 15 dan 19 tahun
(min 16,31±1.89 tahun) telah mengambil
bahagian dalam kajian ini. Semua subjek menjalani dua
penilaian asas dan susulan dalam tempoh sekurang-kurangnya 10 minggu. Penilaian yang dilakukan termasuk akuiti penglihatan dekat dan jauh
masing-masing menggunakan carta ‘Lighthouse reduced ETDRS’
dan carta Rawatan Awal Diabetik Retinopati (ETDRS);
parameter pergerakan mata (tempoh aktiviti, latensi sakad dan bilangan sakad)
semasa menjalankan ADL (mengenal pasti warna, duit
syiling dan makanan) telah direkodkan menggunakan mesin penjejak mata mudah
alih LLC. Nilai min untuk akuiti penglihatan pada jauh dan
dekat untuk lawatan penanda aras dan lawatan susulan
masing-masing adalah logMAR -0.05±0.05. Keputusan menunjukkan
bahawa tiada perubahan signifikan secara statistik antara parameter pergerakan
mata semasa ADL pada lawatan penanda aras dan lawatan susulan. Oleh itu, hasil kajian ini mencadangkan bahawa kesan
pembelajaran bukanlah merupakan faktor yang akan mempengaruhi perubahan dalam parameter pergerakan mata apabila melakukan ADL. Penemuan ini memberi faedah dalam menggunakan parameter
pergerakan mata sebagai contoh di dalam kajian untuk menilai prestasi ADL apabila
diberi rawatan pemulihan dalam kalangan pesakit nistagmus.
Kata kunci: Aktiviti rutin harian; kesan
pembelajaran; pergerakan mata; pergerakan mata sakadik
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*Corresponding author; email: anis.suzanna@yahoo.com
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