Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 417–424

Status of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Oysters (Crassostrea sp.) from Setiu Wetlands, Terengganu, Malaysia

(Status Kepekatan Logam Berat dalam Tiram (Crassostrea sp.) dari Tanah Bencah Setiu, Terengganu, Malaysia)

HASRIZAL SHAARI¹*, BRYAN RAVEN¹, KHAWAR SULTAN¹, YUZWAN MOHAMMAD¹

& KAMARUZZAMAN YUNUS²

¹School of Marine and Environmental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu Darul Iman, Malaysia

²Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia

Received: 1 July 2015/Accepted: 16 September 2015

ABSTRACT

This study aimed at documenting the potentially toxic metal levels in oysters from the aquaculture area of Peninsular Malaysia east coast. Concentrations of essential (Zn and Cu) and non-essential (Pb and Cd) heavy metals were analyzed in total soft tissue, different sex, selected organs and shells of Crassostrea sp. from cultured and wild area of Setiu Wetlands. The heavy metal contents among the sampling sites are statistically not significant (p>0.05) indicating no systematic and site-specific trend between cultured and wild environment. Zinc was the highest metal detected in total soft tissue, sex and shells with the mean concentration of 28.55±6.76, 30.55±3.89 and 8.22±2.98 μg/g, respectively. The analysed metals were highly accumulated in gills than other organs with the mean value of 74.11±13.03 μg/g of Zn, 4.82±0.82 μg/g of Cu, 0.61±0.06 μg/g of Pb and 0.45±0.1 μg/g of Cd. The varying metals content in the different soft tissues might be due to the different affinity of metals that bind with metallothioneins. The metal levels measured in oysters did not exceed the maximum permissible limits for Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. The measured metal levels may represent baseline values reflecting background conditions that contain a certain degree of human impact.

Keywords: Aquatic; Crassostrea sp.; heavy metals; Setiu wetlands

ABSTRAK

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasi tahap logam yang berpotensi toksik di dalam tiram dari kawasan akuakultur di pantai timur Semenanjung Malaysia. Kepekatan logam berat perlu (Zn dan Cu) dan tidak perlu (Pb dan Cd) telah dianalisis dalam keseluruhan tisu lembut, kelainan jantina, organ terpilih dan cengkerang Crassostrea sp. dari kawasan liar dan kultur di tanah bencah Setiu. Kandungan logam berat antara kawasan persampelan secara statistik adalah tidak signifikan (p>0.05) menunjukkan tiada corak yang sistematik dan khusus antara persekitaran liar dan kultur. Zink adalah logam yang paling tinggi dikesan di dalam keseluruhan tisu lembut, kelainan jantina dan cengkerang dengan kepekatan minimum 28.55±6.76, 30.55±3.89 dan 8.22±2.98 μg/g. Logam yang dianalisis terkumpul di dalam insang berbanding organ lain dengan nilai minimum 74.11±13.03 μg/g bagi Zn, 4.82±0.82 μg/g bagi Cu, 0.61±0.06 μg/g bagi Pb dan 0.45±0.1 μg/g bagi Cd. Perbezaan kandungan logam dalam tisu lembut mungkin disebabkan oleh pertalian berbeza logam yang terikat dengan metalotionein. Tahap logam di dalam tiram tidak melebihi had maksimum yang dibenarkan bagi Zn, Cu, Pb dan Cd. Tahap logam yang telah diukur mungkin mewakili nilai asas yang mencerminkan latar belakang yang mengandungi tahap tertentu kesan manusia.

Kata kunci: Akuatik; Crassostrea sp.; logam berat; tanah bencah Setiu

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*Corresponding author; email: hasrizals79@gmail.com