Sains Malaysiana 45(3)(2016): 425–433

Antihypertension Activity of Water Extract of Tacca integrifolia

(Aktiviti Antihipertensi Ekstrak Air Tacca integrifolia)

FARAH LIYANA JAMALUDIN & JAMALUDIN MOHAMAD*

Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Received: 16 October 2014/Accepted: 2 September 2015

ABSTRACT

Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl (Taccaceae) is locally known as ‘Belimbing Tanah’. It has been traditionally used for the treatment of hypertension, hemorrhoids, heart failure and kidney disease. Analysis of leaf and rhizome extracts of T. integrifolia using LCMS/MS showed the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, quinic acid, gypenosides and 3-caffeolquinic acid. The total phenol contents are high in the leaves and rhizome water extracts at 792.75±0.21 and 350.83±0.15 mgGAE/g, respectively. Total flavonoid contents are also high in the leaf extract at 89.52±0.27 mgQE/g and rhizome extract at 30.22±0.37 mgQE/g. ACE inhibitory activity was highest in rhizome water extract. Sub-acute toxicity test showed that no mortality occurred in rats fed with these extracts under experimental conditions. Blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats was reduced significantly (p<0.05) at 50 and 100 mg/kg of leaves and rhizome water extract, respectively. Liver function test indicated no significant difference in total protein, ALT and AST between control group fed with 100 mg/kg of both extracts. Similarly, renal function test indicated no significant difference in sodium and potassium levels as well as creatinine between control group fed with 100 mg/kg leaves and rhizome water extract. Thus, these results supported and provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of T. integrifolia as treatment for hypertension.

Keywords: Angiotensin-converting enzyme; antioxidant; hypertension; Tacca integrifolia

ABSTRAK

Tacca integrifolia Ker-Gawl (Taccaceae) dikenali sebagai Belimbing Tanah. Tumbuhan ini digunakan secara tradisi untuk rawatan hipertensi, hemoroid, kegagalan jantung dan penyakit buah pinggang. Analisis ekstrak daun dan rizom T. integrifolia menggunakan LCMS/MS menunjukkan kehadiran asid p-hidroksibenzoik, asid protocatechuik, asid quinik, gipenosida dan asid 3-caffeolquinik. Jumlah kandungan fenol adalah tinggi dalam ekstrak air daun dan rizom iaitu masing-masing pada 792.75±0.21 dan 350.83±0.15 mgGAE/g. Jumlah kandungan flavonoid juga adalah tinggi iaitu pada 89.52±0.27 mgQE/g bagi ekstrak daun dan 30.22±0.37 mgQE/g pada ekstrak rizom. Aktiviti perencatan ACE didapati lebih tinggi dalam ekstrak air rizom berbanding ekstrak daun. Ujian ketoksikan akut menunjukkan tiada kematian berlaku pada tikus diberi ekstrak dalam keadaan percubaan. Tekanan darah tikus hipertensif spontan didapati berkurangan dengan signifikan (p<0.05) dengan pemberian masing-masing pada 50 dan 100 mg/kg ekstrak air daun dan rizom. Ujian fungsi hati menunjukkan tiada perubahan signifikan dalam kandungan jumlah protein serta ALT dan AST antara kumpulan kawalan yang diberi makan kedua-dua ekstrak sebanyak 100 mg/kg. Begitu juga pada ujian fungsi renal tiada perbezaan signifikan diperhatikan pada aras natrium, kalium dan kreanitina bila dibandingkan antara kumpulan kawalan yang diberikan 100 mg/kg ekstrak air daun dan rizom. Dengan itu, keputusan ini memberikan sokongan saintifik terhadap kegunaan tradisi T. integrifolia sebagai rawatan hipertensi.

Kata kunci: Antioksidan; enzim penukar-angiotensin; hipertensi; Tacca integrifolia

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*Corresponding author; email: jamal@um.edu.my