Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 883–890

Correlation of Morphological Characteristics with the Presence of Indicant in Indigofera sp. Dyestuff

(Korelasi Ciri Morfologi dengan Kehadiran Indikan dalam Bahan Pewarna Indigofera sp.)

MUZZAZINAH^1,2, TATIK CHIKMAWATI³* & NUNIK SRI ARIYANTI³

¹Plant Biology Graduate Program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, 16680, Indonesia

²Biology Education Study Program, Teacher Training and Education, Sebelas Maret University

Solo, 57126, Indonesia

³Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, 16680, Indonesia

Received: 22 May 2015/Accepted: 15 December 2015

ABSTRACT

A total of 9 species of Indigofera have been identified on the Islands of Java and Madura. Only one species has been utilized by batik makers and weavers as a natural dye, while the other 8 species are of unknown potential as natural dyes. This study seeks to demonstrate the correlation between morphological characteristics and the level and quality of indicant compound, in order to assist batik producers and weavers in determining the species that can be used as dyestuff. The potential blue colour dyestuff yield of Indigofera was determined by leaf immersion, followed by quantitative and qualitative examination of the indicant present. Morphological characteristics were then analysed to identify those that correlated with the presence of indicant. The indicant differences were analysed using SPSS; the relationship between the characteristics was analyzed by Pearson correlation and logistic regression. Four species, namely I. tinctoria, I. arrecta, I. suffruticosa and I. longiracemosa, contained indigo. The colour produced by indigo dye obtained from these four species of Indigofera had a '4–5' value of colour change and colour staining in tests involving washing, sweat, bright light and heat stress. This value meets the 'good quality' standard of the Indonesian National Standards (SNI). I. suffruticosa has the highest indicant content at 1.4 g/kg, followed by I. tinctoria, I. arrecta, and I. longiracemosa with 0.414, 0.13, and 0.038 g/kg, respectively. The colour of upper and lower dried foliages were correlated to potential indigo dye producers.

Keywords: Colouring; dried foliage; immersion

ABSTRAK

Sebanyak 9 spesies Indigofera telah dikenal pasti di Pulau Jawa dan Madura. Hanya satu spesies digunakan oleh pembuat batik dan penenun sebagai pewarna semula jadi, manakala 8 spesies yang lain tidak diketahui potensinya sebagai pewarna semula jadi. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan korelasi antara ciri morfologi serta tahap dan kualiti sebatian indikan, untuk membantu pengeluar batik dan penenun dalam menentukan spesies yang boleh digunakan sebagai pewarna. Potensi pewarna warna biru hasil Indigofera ditentukan melalui rendaman daun, diikuti pemeriksaan kehadiran kuantitatif dan kualitatif indikan. Ciri morfologi kemudian dianalisis untuk mengenal pasti kaitan dengan kehadiran indikan. Perbezaan indikan seterusnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan SPSS; hubungan antara ciri dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan regresi logistik. Empat spesies iaitu I. tinctoria, I. arrecta, I. suffruticosa dan I. longiracemosa mengandungi indigo. Warna yang dihasilkan oleh pewarna indigo diperoleh daripada empat spesies Indigofera ini mempunyai nilai '4-5' perubahan warna dan pencelupan warna dalam ujian yang melibatkan basuhan, peluh, cahaya terang dan tekanan matahari. Nilai ini memenuhi piawai kualiti baik Piawaian Nasional Indonesia (SNI).I. suffruticosa mempunyai nilai kandungan indikan tertinggi pada 1.4 g/kg, diikuti oleh I. tinctoria, I. arrecta dan I. longiracemosa dengan kandungan indikan masing-masing adalah 0,414, 0.13, dan 0,038 g/kg. Warna atas dan bawah dedaun kering dikaitkan dengan potensi pengeluar pewarna indigo..

Kata kunci: Dedaun kering; pewarna; rendaman

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*Corresponding author; email: tchikmawati@yahoo.com