Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 865–877

Effects of Environmental Conditions and Nutrients on the Occurrence and Distribution of Potentially Harmful Phytoplankton in Mesotrophic Water

(Kesan Keadaan Alam Sekitar dan Nutrien ke atas Kewujudan dan Pengagihan Fitoplankton Berpotensi Berbahaya di dalam Air Mesotrofik)

TAN KAR SOON & JULIAN RANSANGAN*

Microbiology and Fish Disease Laboratory, Borneo Marine Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia

Received: 3 August 2015/Accepted: 10 January 2016

ABSTRACT

Marudu Bay, north coast of Sabah is characterized with mesotrophic water body and typical environmental parameters throughout the year. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of environmental parameters and nutrients in mesotrophic water on the occurrence and distribution of potentially harmful phytoplankton species. The samplings were conducted over a period of thirteen months, covering southwest monsoon (SWM), inter-monsoon (IM), and northeast monsoon (NEM), at ten stations throughout the bay. Physical parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, current speed and secchi depth), biological parameters (cell densities of phytoplankton) and chemical parameters (phosphate, nitrate, silicate and ammonia) were examined. The results indicated at least eight potentially harmful phytoplankton species (Dinophysis caudata, D. miles, Ceratium furca, C. fursus, Prorocentrum micans, P. sigmoides, P. triestinum and Pseudo-nitzschia sp.) were detected in north coast of Sabah. However, the potentially harmful phytoplankton species contributed only about 1.3% of the total phytoplankton community. Under nutrient deprivation conditions, the potentially harmful phytoplankton species distribution was mainly influenced by the ability to utilize other nitrogen sources, cell mobility and toleration to low nutrients environments.

Keywords: Environmental parameters; nutrients; potentially harmful phytoplankton species; species composition

ABSTRAK

Teluk Marudu, pantai utara Sabah dicirikan dengan air mesotrofik dan parameter alam sekitar khas sepanjang tahun. Kajian ini telah dijalankan untuk menilai kesan parameter alam sekitar dan nutrien dalam air mesotrofik dan taburan spesies fitoplankton yang berbahaya. Sampel telah dijalankan dalam tempoh tiga belas bulan, yang meliputi monsun barat daya (SWM), peralihan monsun (IM) dan monsun timur laut (MEB) pada sepuluh stesen di seluruh teluk. Parameter fizikal (suhu, kemasinan, pH, oksigen terlarut, kelajuan semasa dan kedalaman secchi), parameter biologi (kepadatan sel fitoplankton) dan parameter kimia (fosfat, nitrat, silikat dan ammonia) telah diperiksa. Hasil kajian telah menunjukkan sekurang-kurangnya lapan spesies fitoplankton yang mungkin berbahaya (Dinophysis caudata, D. miles, Ceratium furca, C. fursus, Prorocentrum micans, P. sigmoides, P. triestinum dan Pseudo-nitzschia sp.) dikesan di pantai utara Sabah. Walau bagaimanapun, spesies fitoplankton yang berbahaya hanya menyumbang kira-kira 1.3% daripada jumlah komuniti fitoplankton. Dalam keadaan kekurangan nutrien, pengedaran spesies fitoplankton berbahaya terutamanya dipengaruhi oleh keupayaan untuk menggunakan sumber nitrogen lain, pergerakan sel dan toleransi nutrien persekitaran rendah.

Kata kunci: Komposisi spesies; nutrien; parameter alam sekitar; spesies fitoplankton berbahaya

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*Corresponding author; email: liandra@ums.edu.my