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Sains Malaysiana 45(6)(2016): 915–931
Diversity
and DMS(P)-related Genes in Culturable Bacterial Communities
in Malaysian Coastal Waters
(Kepelbagaian
dan Gen berkaitan-DMS(P)
dalam Komuniti Kultur Bakteria di Perairan Pantai Malaysia)
FELICITY W.I. KUEK1*, AAZANI MUJAHID2, PO-TEEN LIM3, CHUI-PIN LEAW3 & MORITZ MÜLLER1
1Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne
University of Technology, Sarawak campus, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang,
Malaysia
2Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and
Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 93400 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
3Institute of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Malaya, 16310
Bachok, Kelantan Darul Naim
Malaysia
Received: 7 April 2015/Accepted: 28 December
2015
ABSTRACT
Little is known about the diversity and roles of microbial communities
in the South China Sea, especially the eastern region. This study
aimed to expand our knowledge on the diversity of these communities
in Malaysian waters, as well as their potential involvement in the
breakdown or osmoregulation of dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP).
Water samples were collected during local cruises (Kuching, Kota
Kinabalu, and Semporna) from the SHIVA expedition and the diversity of
bacterial communities were analysed through the isolation and identification
of 176 strains of cultured bacteria. The bacteria were further screened
for the existence of two key genes (dmdA, dddP) which were involved in competing, enzymatically-mediated
DMSP degradation pathways. The composition of bacterial
communities in the three areas varied and changes were mirrored
in physico-chemical parameters. Riverine input was highest in Kuching,
which was mirrored by dominance of potentially pathogenic Vibrio
sp., whereas the Kota Kinabalu community was more indicative
of an open ocean environment. Isolates obtained from Kota Kinabalu
and Semporna showed that the communities in these areas have potential
roles in bioremediation, nitrogen fixing and sulphate reduction.
Bacteria isolated from Kuching displayed the highest abundance (44%)
of both DMSP-degrading genes, while the bacterial
community in Kota Kinabalu had the highest percentage (28%) of dmdA
gene occurrence and the dddP gene responsible for DMS production
was most abundant (33%) within the community in Semporna. To the
best of our knowledge, this is the first study looking at the diversity
of culturable bacteria in coastal waters of East Malaysia and also
their potential roles in the DMS(P) cycle.
Keywords: Culturable bacterial communities; dimethylsulphide;
dimethylsulphoniopropionate; diversity
ABSTRAK
Kepelbagaian
dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh komuniti mikrob di Laut China Selatan,
khususnya di Wilayah Timur, adalah kurang diketahui. Kajian ini
bertujuan untuk mengembangkan pengetahuan tentang kepelbagaian komuniti
ini di perairan Malaysia, serta potensi penglibatan mereka dalam
penguraian atau pengawalan osmosis dimetilsulfoniopropionat (DMSP).
Sampel air diperoleh semasa pelayaran tempatan (Kuching, Kota Kinabalu
dan Semporna) daripada ekspedisi SHIVA dan kepelbagaian komuniti
bakteria telah dianalisis melalui pengasingan dan pengenalpastian
176 strain kultur bakteria. Bakteria ini seterusnya disaring untuk
menentukan kehadiran dua gen utama (dmdA, dddP) yang terlibat dalam
dua laluan bersaingan degradasi DMSP secara berenzim. Komposisi
komuniti bakteria dalam tiga kawasan ini berbeza dan perbezaan ini
boleh dilihat dalam parameter fisiko-kimia. Input sungai paling
tinggi di Kuching dan ini ditunjukkan melalui dominasi Vibrio sp.,
yang berpotensi untuk menjadi patogenik, manakala komuniti Kota
Kinabalu adalah petunjuk untuk persekitaran lautan terbuka. Bakteria
yang diasingkan dari Kota Kinabalu dan Semporna menunjukkan bahawa
komuniti dalam dua kawasan ini berpotensi memainkan peranan dalam
bioremediasi, pengikatan nitrogen dan penurunan sulfat. Bakteria
yang diasingkan dari Kuching menunjukkan kebanyakan tertinggi (44%)
untuk kedua-dua gen pengurai DMSP, manakala komuniti bakteria di
Kota Kinabalu menunjukkan peratusan tertinggi (28%) kejadian gen
dmdA dan gen dddP yang bertanggungjawab untuk pengeluaran DMS adalah
paling banyak (33%) dalam komuniti di Semporna. Sepanjang pengetahuan
kami, ini merupakan penyelidikan pertama yang melihat kepelbagaian
bakteria yang boleh dikultur di perairan pantai Malaysia timur dan
juga potensi penglibatan mereka dalam kitaran DMS(P).
Kata kunci: Dimetilsulfida;
dimetilsulfoniopropionat; kepelbagaian; komuniti kultur bakteria
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*Corresponding author; email: felicity.kuek@gmail.com
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