Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2425-2432

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-08

Glomus mosseae Promotes Xanthium italicumInvasion

(Glomus mosseae Menggalakkan Pencerobohan Xanthium italicum)

TANG JIE SHI, ZHAO ZHI LONG & MA MIAO*

Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China

Received: 16 June 2019/Accepted: 13 April 2020

ABSTRACT

The relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and the invasiveness of alien plants is a controversial issue in plant invasion ecology. In this study, we investigated the influence of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae on the physiological ecology, growth, and reproductive capacity of Xanthium italicum Moretti. We found that the relative chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the leaves of potted X. italicum whose rhizosphere soil was supplemented with G. mosseae was higher than those of the control group. Plants in the treatment group had longer root length and plant height; increased root, stem, and fruit biomass; and more male and female inflorescences and fruits relative to control plants. Additionally, the ratio of female to male inflorescence number was close to 2:1 in the treatment group as compared to 1:1 in the control group, suggesting an enhanced reproductive capacity in the former. G. mosseae applied to the soil also increased phosphorus absorption and accumulation in the roots, stems, and leaves of X. italicum. Thus, G. mosseae promotes the growth and reproduction of X. italicum and thereby enhances its competitiveness and capacity for colonizing a new habitat.

Keywords: Alien plant; biological invasion; Italian cocklebur; mycorrhizal fungi

ABSTRAK

Hubungan antara kulat mikoriza dan keserbuan tumbuhan asing adalah isu kontroversi dalam ekologi pencerobohan tumbuhan. Dalam kajian ini, kami mengkaji pengaruh kulat mikorizaGlomus mosseae pada ekologi fisiologi, pertumbuhan dan keupayaan pembiakan Xanthium italicum Moretti. Kami mendapati bahawa kandungan klorofil relatif dan kadar fotosintesis bersih daunX. italicum pot yang tanah rizosferanya dilengkapi denganG. mosseae lebih tinggi daripada kumpulan kawalan. Tumbuhan dalam kumpulan rawatan mempunyai panjang akar dan ketinggian tanaman yang lebih panjang; peningkatan biojisim akar, batang dan buah; dan lebih banyak perbungaan dan buah jantan dan betina berbanding tanaman kawalan. Selain itu, nisbah bilangan perbungaan betina dan jantan mendekati 2:1 dalam kumpulan rawatan berbanding 1:1 pada kumpulan kawalan, menunjukkan peningkatan keupayaan pembiakan pada kumpulan rawatan. G. mosseae yang digunakan pada tanah juga meningkatkan penyerapan dan pengumpulan fosforus pada akar, batang dan daunX. italicum. Oleh itu, G. mosseae mendorong pertumbuhan dan pembiakanX. italicum dan dengan itu meningkatkan daya saing dan keupayaannya untuk menjajah habitat baru.

Kata kunci: Kerang Itali; kulat mikoriza; pencerobohan biologi; tumbuhan asing

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*Corresponding author; email: mamiaogg@126.com