Sains Malaysiana 49(10)(2020): 2443-2451

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4910-10

Kesan Gelembung Udara dan Auksin bagi Penginduksian Akar pada Tunas Arundina graminifoliadalam Sistem Rendaman Berterusan Tertutup

(Effects of Air Bubbles and Auxin on Root Induction of Arundina graminifoliaShoots in Close Permanent Immerse System)

SAKINAH IDRIS¹*, CHE RADZIAH CHE MOHD. ZAIN¹ & AB. KAHAR SANDRANG²

¹Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pusat Penyelidikan Hortikultur, Ibu Pejabat MARDI, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 25 September 2019/Accepted: 9 May 2020

ABSTRAK

Arundina graminifolia atau orkid buluh adalah orkid yang hidup di atas tanah, tahan panas dan penyakit, mudah dijaga, berbunga sepanjang tahun dan sangat sesuai untuk dijadikan tanaman landskap di kawasan terbuka. Kebiasaannya, A. graminifolia dibiak melalui pembahagian rumpun dan kultur tisu. Kadar pembiakan daripada kaedah ini adalah sangat rendah dan mengambil masa yang lama untuk memperbanyakkan bahan tanaman. Penggunaan sistem rendaman berterusan tertutup (CPIS) telah berjaya mempercepatkan penginduksian mata tunas A. graminifolia. Namun, penginduksian akar mengambil masa yang agak lama iaitu melebihi tiga bulan. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menambahbaik sistem CPIS dengan menambah gelembung udara bagi mempercepatkan penginduksian akar pada tunas A. graminifolia. Seterusnya, penggunaan auksin asid naftalenasetik (NAA) dan asid indol-3-butirik (IBA) bagi meningkatkan peratus pengakaran pada tunas A. graminifolia turut dijalankan. Kehadiran gelembung udara di dalam sistem CPIS menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan untuk kelebaran, ketinggian dan kerenggangan mata tunas berbanding dengan CPIS tanpa kehadiran gelembung udara. Tunas yang terhasil dalam sistem CPIS dengan kehadiran gelembung udara juga mampu menghasilkan akar (10% tunas yang berakar) berbanding dengan sistem CPIS tanpa kehadiran gelembung udara yang langsung tidak menghasilkan akar. Penginduksian akar pada tunas A. graminifolia menggunakan IBA dan NAA dengan kepekatan 0, 0.5, 1.0 dan 1.5 ppm menunjukkan perbezaan yang signifikan berbanding kawalan. Penggunaan hormon NAA dengan kepekatan yang semakin meningkat telah meningkatkan purata panjang akar, namun memberi kesan sebaliknya diperhatikan pada rawatan IBA. Kesimpulannya, sistem CPIS dengan kehadiran gelembung udara berserta hormon NAA 1.5 ppm mampu menginduksi dan meningkatkan peratus pengakaran A. graminifolia dengan lebih cepat.

Kata kunci: Arundina graminifolia; gelembung udara; hormon; penginduksian akar; sistem rendaman berterusan tertutup (CPIS)

ABSTRACT

Arundina graminifolia or bamboo orchid is a terrestrial orchid, heat, and disease resistant, easy to maintain, flowers throughout the year and suitable for outdoor landscapes. Commonly, A. graminifolia is propagated through the dividing of root mass and tissue culture.  The rate of propagation via these techniques is very slow and take a long period to produce more planting materials. The use of closed permanent immerse systems (CPIS) has been successful in accelerating the shoot induction of A. graminifolia. However, its root induction takes a while, which is more than three months. Therefore, this study was aimed to improve the CPIS system by adding the presence of air bubbles to accelerate the root induction of A. graminifolia shoots. Furthermore, the use of auxins which are 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) to increase the percentage of root induction on A. graminifolia shoot was also performed. The presence of air bubbles in the CPIS system showed a significant increase in shoot width, height and gap compared to the CPIS system without air bubbles. Shoots that were produced using the CPIS system with air bubbles are also able to produce root (10% of rooting shoots) compared to the CPIS system without air bubbles that did not generate root at all. Root induction on A. graminifolia shoots using IBA and NAA at 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 ppm concentrations showed significant differences compared to control. Increasing of the NAA hormone concentrations increased the mean of root length, but opposite results were observed with IBA treatment. In conclusion, the CPIS system with air bubbles and 1.5 ppm NAA was able to induce and increase the percentage of rooting of A. graminifolia shoots in a short period.

Keywords: Air bubbles; Arundina graminifolia; closed permanent immerse system (CPIS); hormone; root induction

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*Corresponding author; email: isakinah@mardi.gov.my