Sains Malaysiana 44(7)(2015): 931–940
Stratigraphic
Succession and Depositional Framework of the Sandakan Formation,
Sabah
(Penyesaran Stratigrafi
dan Rangka Bentuk Pemendapan
Formasi Sandakan, Sabah)
KHOR WEI
CHUNG*,
CHOW
WENG
SUM
& ABD. HADI A. RAHMAN
Department of Geosciences and Petroleum
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS
32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak
Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 19 Februari
2013/Diterima: 30 Mac 2015
ABSTRACT
The Sandakan Formation of the
Segama Group is exposed across the Sandakan
Peninsular in eastern Sabah. This Upper Miocene part of the Segama
Group unconformably overlies the Garinono
Formation and is conformably overlain by the Bongaya
Formation. This formation was investigated with detailed logging
of outcrops and microfossils analysis in order to map the depositional
facies and sedimentary environment. This
study showed the presence of seven lithofacies: Thick amalgamated sandstone; thin, lenticular
interbedded HCS sandstones and mudstone; laminated mudstone with Rhizophora; trough cross-bedded sandstone;
laminated mudstone; strip mudstone with thin sandstone and siltstone;
and interbedded HCS sandstone and mudstone. Based on
the presence of Rhizophora, Brownlowia, Florchuetia sp.,
Polypodium, Stenochleana palustris, Ascidian spicule, low angle cross bedding,
very fine grained sandstone, thin alternations of very fine sandstone,
silt and clay layers showing cyclicity
(muddy rhythemites), rocks in the Sandakan
Formation are interpreted as mangal estuary
and open marine facies. Three facies
associations could be deduced from the seven lithofacies:
Gradual coarsening upwards shoreface;
abrupt change facies and prograding estuary facies association.
Keywords: Facies; facies description; micropaleontology;
Sandakan formation; sedimentology; stratigraphy
ABSTRAK
Formasi Sandakan adalah sebahagian
daripada kumpulan
Segama terbentang di seluruh Semenanjung Sandakan yang
terletak di timur
Sabah. Miosen Akhir ini ialah
sebahagian daripada
kumpulan Segama yang tidak menyama bentuk
Formasi Garinono
dan menyama bentuk
oleh Formasi
Bongaya. Formasi ini telah dikaji dengan pengelogan
terperinci pada
singkapan dan juga
analisis mikrofosil
untuk memetakan pemendapan fasies dan sedimen persekitaran.
Kajian ini telah menunjukkan kehadiran lapan litofasies: Batu pasir tebal bersatu;
batu pasir dan batu lumpur
HCS
berlapis benam
kekantaan nipis;
batu lumpur berlamina
dengan Rhizophora; batu pasir dengan serpihan cengkerang; batu lumpur berlamina; batu lumpur berjalur
dengan batu
pasir dan batu
lodak nipis;
dan batu pasir
dan batu lumpur HCS berlapis
benam. Berdasarkan
kehadiran Rhizophora, Brownlowia, Florchuetia sp.,
Polypodium, Stenochleana palustris, Ascidian spicule, sudut
rendah perlapisan
silang dan juga
butiran saiz
pasir yang halus pada Formasi Sandakan ditafsirkan sebagai muara mungal dan
fasies marin
terbuka. Tiga perhubungan
fasies boleh
disimpulkan daripada tujuh litofasies: pengasaran secara beransur-ansur ke atas permukaan laut; perubahan mendadak fasies dan fasies perhubungan
muara.
Kata kunci: Fasies;
butiran fasies;
Formasi Sandakan; mikropaleontologi;
sedimentologi; stratigrafi
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat;
email: lil.chong.91@gmail.com
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